Browsing by Author "Gercekcioglu, Hamza"

Now showing 1 - 14 of 14

Application of equivalent structure constant in scintillations and BER found for non-Kolmogorov spectrum
(Elsevier Science Bv, 2014) Baykal, Yahya; Gercekcioglu, Hamza; 7812
The evaluation of system parameters in the non-Kolmogorov turbulent atmosphere involves the structure constant valid at the relevant non-Kolmogorov power law exponent. In some of the existing results, the comparisons of system parameters found under the Kolmogorov and non-Kolmogorov turbulences were made by using the same structure constant for all the power law exponents of the non-Kolmogorov spectrum. In this paper, we evaluate the scintillations and the average Bit Error Rate (< BER >) for the flat-topped and the annular beams in non-Kolmogorov turbulence, this time using the equivalent structure constant which is now different for all the power law exponents. It is observed that the scintillations and the < BER > show completely different behaviour when evaluated with the equivalent structure constant as compared to evaluations with constant structure constant. (C) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Average transmittance in non-Kolmogorov turbulence
(Elsevier Science Bv, 2013) Ata, Yalcin; Baykal, Yahya; Gercekcioglu, Hamza; 7812
Average transmittance in non-Kolmogorov turbulence is evaluated. Our recently published equivalent structure constant formulation is employed in our numerical evaluations. At the fixed propagation distance and wavelength, and at the corresponding equivalent structure constant, as the power law exponent of the non-Kolmogorov spectrum increases, the on-axis transmittance is found to decrease. At the same power law exponent of the non-Kolmogorov spectrum, the off-axis transmittance is obtained to be smaller than the on-axis transmittance. Off-axis transmittance variation versus the power law exponent shows that similar to the on-axis case, increase in the power law exponent eventually causes the off-axis transmittance to decrease, however this decrease occurs at larger power law exponent for larger off-axis distance. (C) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
BER of annular and flat-topped beams in non-Kolmogorov weak turbulence
(Elsevier, 2013) Gercekcioglu, Hamza; Baykal, Yahya; 7812
The average bit error rate (BER) of multi-Gaussian beams in non-Kolmogorov weak turbulence is examined. For each specific incidence of annular and flat-topped optical beam, a power law of non-Kolmogorov spectrum is found which is defined as the worst power law at which the average BER attains the maximum value. Using these values of the worst power laws, it is observed that thinner collimated annular, larger focal length annular and flatter small sized collimated flat-topped structures have a slight advantage in obtaining smaller average BER. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
BER of annular and flat-topped beams in strong turbulence
(Elsevier, 2013) Gercekcioglu, Hamza; Baykal, Yahya; 7812
The average bit error rate (< BER >) of annular and flat-topped beams are evaluated in strong turbulence. In this respect, our earlier results on the scintillation indices obtained by the unified Rytov method are employed and the intensity is taken to be gamma-gamma distributed. For comparison purposes, < BER > for the log-normal intensity distribution is also evaluated. It is found that for the annular beams, the ones that are thinner, possessing smaller ratio of primary to secondary beam size, and smaller focal lengths will have smaller average BER in strong turbulence. For the flat-topped beams, the ones that are flatter and possessing large source sizes have smaller average BER in strong turbulence. Large average SNR substantially reduces the average BER in weak and moderate turbulence, whereas in strong turbulence, the average BER stays at the same value no matter what the average SNR is. Comparison of the log-normal and the gamma-gamma statistics for the intensity shows that the average BER will be higher for the log-normal case when the average SNR is small and the reverse relationship holds at large average SNR. For both the gamma-gamma and the log-normal intensity distributions, < BER > obtained for the annular and the, flat-topped beams in strong turbulence is advantageous over the Gaussian beam < BER > values. (C) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Equivalence of structure constants in non-Kolmogorov and Kolmogorov spectra
(Optical Soc Amer, 2011) Baykal, Yahya; Gercekcioglu, Hamza; 7812
We find the equivalence of the structure constants in non-Kolmogorov and Kolmogorov spectra in a turbulent atmosphere. As the reference point, the spherical wave scintillation index in a non-Kolmogorov medium is used. Relations of the structure constants are found to be functions of the power law of the turbulence spectrum and the Fresnel zone. It will be useful to employ the equivalence of the structure constants in making performance comparisons found with non-Kolmogorov and Kolmogorov spectra. (C) 2011 Optical Society of America
Field correlations of partially coherent optical beams in underwater turbulence
(2022) Baykal, Yahya; Gercekcioglu, Hamza
Field correlations of partially coherent optical beams at the receiver plane are formulated and evaluated in underwater turbulence. Variations of the field correlations are examined against changes in the degree of source coherence, diagonal length from the receiver point, receiver point, propagation distance, source size, ratio of temperature to salinity contributions to the refractive index spectrum, rate of dissipation of mean-squared temperature, and rate of dissipation of kinetic energy per unit mass of fluid. Under any underwater turbulence and link conditions, it is found that field correlations at the receiver plane reduce when the optical source becomes less coherent.
Intensity fluctuations of flat-topped beam in non-Kolmogorov weak turbulence
(Optical Soc Amer, 2012) Gercekcioglu, Hamza; Baykal, Yahya; 7812
Results obtained on the intensity fluctuations of flat-topped Gaussian beams in weakly turbulent non-Kolmogorov horizontal atmospheric optics links are represented. Effects on the scintillation index of the power law a that describes the non-Kolmogorov spectrum are examined. Our results correctly reduce to the existing intensity fluctuations of flat-topped beams in Kolmogorov turbulence. Variation of the scintillation index against non-Kolmogorov power law alpha exhibits a peak at the worst power law alpha(w), which happens to be smaller than the Kolmogorov power law of 11/3. If the power law is smaller (larger) than alpha(w), increase in alpha will increase (decrease) the intensity fluctuations. Evaluation of the scintillation index at the worst power law results in smaller fluctuations for a Gaussian beam at short propagation distances; however, at long propagation distances flatter beams happen to possess smaller fluctuations. The scintillation change versus the source size follows a similar trend regardless whether the flat-topped beam propagates in a Kolmogorov or non-Kolmogorov medium. (C) 2012 Optical Society of America
Intensity Fluctuations of Flat-Topped Beam in Non-Kolmogorov Weak Turbulence: Reply
(Optical Soc Amer, 2012) Gercekcioglu, Hamza; Baykal, Yahya
In our recent publication, we have examined the intensity fluctuations of flat-topped beam in non-Kolmogorov weak turbulence [J. Opt. Soc. Am. A 29, 169 (2012)] in which our comparison of the scintillation indices in the Kolmogorov and in various non-Kolmogorov turbulences was based on the same structure constant, no matter what power law the non-Kolmogorov spectrum takes. In such choice of the fixed structure constant, which is also being used by many researchers in the field [Opt. Express 18, 451 (2010); Proc. SPIE 6747, 67470B (2007); Opt. Commun. 285, 880 (2012)], we have found that the variation of the scintillation index against non-Kolmogorov power law exhibits a peak at the worst power law, which happens to be smaller than the Kolmogorov power law of 11/3. Charnotskii commented [J. Opt. Soc. Am. A. 29, 1838 (2012)] on our paper. In this paper, in our to reply to Charnotskii's comment, we have re-evaluated the scintillation index of flat-topped beam in non-Kolmogorov weak turbulence by employing our recently reported equivalent structure constant [Opt. Lett. 36, 4554 (2011)] and re-compared the intensity fluctuations in Kolmogorov and in non-Kolmogorov turbulences. As the result of such re-comparison, the worst power law is observed to disappear. c 2012 Optical Society of America
Intensity fluctuations of laser array beams in non-kolmogorov turbulence
(Ieee-inst Electrical Electronics Engineers inc, 2015) Gercekcioglu, Hamza; Baykal, Yahya; 7812
On-axis intensity fluctuations of laser array beams are evaluated when they are used in a weakly turbulent non-Kolmogorov atmosphere. Our formulation of the scintillation index is based on the Rytov method, which in the limiting case, correctly reduces to the known Gaussian beam scintillation index in weak Kolmogorov turbulence. When the radius of the ring (on which the array beamlets are placed), number of beamlets forming the laser array, source size of the beamlets, propagation distance or the wavelength is fixed, a decrease in the power law exponent of the non-Kolmogorov spectrum is found to decrease the scintillation index. Examining for any realization of the non-Kolmogorov spectrum, it is observed that an increase in the ring radius, number of beamlets, wavelength, and decrease in the source size of the beamlet, propagation distance reduces the intensity fluctuations.
Minimization effects on scintillations of sinusoidal Gaussian beams in strong turbulence
(Iop Publishing Ltd, 2011) Gercekcioglu, Hamza; Baykal, Yahya; 7812
Minimization effects on the on-axis scintillation index of cos Gaussian (cG) and cosh Gaussian (chG) beams are studied in strong turbulence. In our formulation, the unified solution of the Rytov method, which imposes spatial filtering to extend the solution to the strong turbulence regime, is applied. Our solution correctly reduces to the weak turbulence sinusoidal beam scintillations and the strong turbulence Gaussian beam scintillations. The conditions to minimize the scintillations are found to be focused chG beams. Small scale scintillations mainly determine the overall scintillations of cG and chG beams in strong turbulence. In strong turbulence, increase in the source size decreases the scintillations of collimated cG beams but does not change the scintillations of focused cG beams. Collimated cG beams having larger displacement parameters and large focal lengths show smaller scintillations in the strong regime. Change in the displacement parameters for collimated and focused chG beams and the focal length of focused chG beams do not considerably vary their scintillations in strong turbulence.
Multimode laser beam scintillations in strong atmospheric turbulence
(Springer Heidelberg, 2019) Baykal, Yahya; Gercekcioglu, Hamza; 7812
Multimode laser beam scintillation index is formulated at the origin of the receiver plane (on-axis) in strong atmospheric turbulence using the modified Rytov method. Variations of the scintillation index against the turbulence strength and the size of the multimode laser beam are reported for various multimode laser beam contents. It is found that when the multimode content is increased, i.e. when the laser beam contains more modes, and when the multimode content is composed of modes with larger mode numbers, the scintillations tend to reduce in strong atmospheric turbulence. Thus, to achieve smaller intensity fluctuations in atmospheric wireless optics communication systems having long link lengths or operating in strong turbulence, use of multimode laser beams can be recommended.
Scintillation and BER for optimum sinusoidal Gaussian beams in weak non-Kolmogorov turbulence
(Elsevier Science Bv, 2014) Gercekcioglu, Hamza; Baykal, Yahya; 7812
The scintillation index and the average bit error rate (BER) are evaluated for the optimum sinusoidal Gaussian beams in weak non-Kolmogorov turbulence. The beam parameters that minimize the scintillation index and the average BER are stated and such beams are denoted as the optimum beams. For the collimated Gaussian, cos- and cosh-Gaussian beams, the scintillations increase as the power law exponent, a increases. Cos- and cosh-Gaussian beams that have larger absolute displacement parameters are found to exhibit larger scintillations especially at small a. Larger focal length and larger source size of cos-Gaussian beams induce reduction in the scintillations. When the propagation distance is large, the power law exponent is small and the source size is large, the scintillations of the optimum beams tend to decrease. Small power law exponent and large source size reduce the average BER. The optimum beam is shown to exhibit the smallest average BER for any a. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Scintillation index of flat-topped Gaussian laser beam in strongly turbulent medium
(Optical Soc Amer, 2011) Gercekcioglu, Hamza; Baykal, Yahya; 7812
In a strongly turbulent medium, the scintillation index of flat-topped Gaussian beams is derived and evaluated. In the formulation, unified solution of Rytov method is utilized. Our results correctly reduce to the existing strong turbulence scintillation index of the Gaussian beam, and naturally to spherical and plane wave scintillations. Another checkpoint of our result is the scintillation index of flat-topped Gaussian beams in weak turbulence. Regardless of the order of flatness, scintillations of flat-topped Gaussian beams in strong turbulence are found to be determined mainly by the small-scale effects. For large-sized beams in moderate and strongly turbulent medium, flatter beams exhibit smaller scintillations. (C) 2011 Optical Society of America
Scintillation of Laser Beams in Weak Atmospheric Turbulence for Aerial Vehicle in the Use of LIDAR
(2022) Baykal, Yahya Kemal; Baykal, Yahya Kemal; 7812
Formulation of on-axis scintillation of laser beams is found in weak atmospheric turbulence for aerial vehicle in the use of light detection and ranging (LIDAR) systems by employing the Rytov method. The formulation derived for collimated Gaussian, plane and spherical beams is evaluated in vertical link involving up/down link. In this medium, the behavior of these beams in terms of deterioration is examined. In this context, the on-axis scintillation index values are plotted versus normalized target size parameter, target size, source size, propagation distance and zenith angle, and the results are obtained for LIDAR systems operating for aerial vehicle in vertical atmospheric link by using ground/space transceiver. The degradation is greater in operating with ground transceiver than in operating with space transceiver. Additionally, while the on-axis scintillation index is minimized in the smaller target size in use of ground transceiver than in use of space transceiver, that is, it can also be minimized in the larger target size in use of space transceiver. The values of source size and the normalized target size parameter minimizing the obtained scintillation index, are 1.2 cm, 10, and 6 cm and 5 for ground transceiver and space transceiver, respectively.