Browsing by Author "Ozcelik, Erol"

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Citation - WoS: 1
Citation - Scopus: 2
Attention mediates the effect of emotional arousal on learning outcomes in multimedia learning: an eye-tracking study
(Routledge Journals, Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2023) Aksaray, Sevgi Genc; Özçelik, Erol; Ozcelik, Erol; 115500; Psikoloji
Recent findings from psychological studies have shown that emotional arousal improves human memory. However, more evidence is necessary if these results are generalisable to multimedia learning environments. Considering these needs, the study has the goal to examine the effect of emotional arousal on multimedia learning. Fifty-seven participants were presented with instructional materials with either high- or low-arousing words and pictures in an experimental study. The eye movements of participants were recorded while they studied the instructional materials to examine the online processes during learning. The results suggest that emotional arousal enhanced recall and transfer scores. The eye-tracking results demonstrate that emotional arousal attracted attention. The results of the mediation analysis suggest that fixation time on emotional pictures as an indicator of attention mediated the relationship between emotional arousal and learning outcomes. The findings show the importance of the guidance of attention by emotional multimedia elements for learning.
Citation - WoS: 14
Citation - Scopus: 14
Construct and face validity of the educational computer-based environment (ECE) assessment scenarios for basic endoneurosurgery skills
(Springer, 2017) Cagiltay, Nergiz Ercil; Özçelik, Erol; Ozcelik, Erol; Sengul, Gokhan; Berker, Mustafa; 115500; Psikoloji
Background In neurosurgery education, there is a paradigm shift from time-based training to criterion-based model for which competency and assessment becomes very critical. Even virtual reality simulators provide alternatives to improve education and assessment in neurosurgery programs and allow for several objective assessment measures, there are not many tools for assessing the overall performance of trainees. This study aims to develop and validate a tool for assessing the overall performance of participants in a simulation-based endoneurosurgery training environment. Methods A training program was developed in two levels: endoscopy practice and beginning surgical practice based on four scenarios. Then, three experiments were conducted with three corresponding groups of participants (Experiment 1, 45 (32 beginners, 13 experienced), Experiment 2, 53 (40 beginners, 13 experienced), and Experiment 3, 26 (14 novices, 12 intermediate) participants). The results analyzed to understand the common factors among the performance measurements of these experiments. Then, a factor capable of assessing the overall skill levels of surgical residents was extracted. Afterwards, the proposed measure was tested to estimate the experience levels of the participants. Finally, the level of realism of these educational scenarios was assessed. Results The factor formed by time, distance, and accuracy on simulated tasks provided an overall performance indicator. The prediction correctness was very high for the beginners than the one for experienced surgeons in Experiments 1 and 2. When non-dominant hand is used in a surgical procedure-based scenario, skill levels of surgeons can be better predicted. The results indicate that the scenarios in Experiments 1 and 2 can be used as an assessment tool for the beginners, and scenario-2 in Experiment 3 can be used as an assessment tool for intermediate and novice levels. It can be concluded that forming the balance between perceived action capacities and skills is critical for better designing and developing skill assessment surgical simulation tools.
Citation - WoS: 0
Do "cold" Cognitive or "hot" Emotional Factors Explain Consolidation in Post-Learning Stress
(John Wiley & Sons Ltd, 2023) Ozcelik, Erol; Aydin, Oyku; Cengil, Betul B.; Tuncol, Aleyna S.
Duygu Geriye Dönük Belleği Artırır Mı? Türk Örneklemi Üzerinde Bir Araştırma
(2023) Ozcelik, Erol; Kılıç, Betül
Feci bir trafik kazası gibi duygusal bir olay, nötr bir olaya göre çok daha iyi hatırlanır. Güncel araştırmalar duyguyla ilişkili olarak gözlemlenen bellek artışlarının kodlama sonrasında gerçekleşen sağlamlaştırma süreçlerinden kaynaklanabileceğini göstermektedir. Sağlamlaştırma, zamanla bellek izlerinin güçlenerek müdahalelere karşı daha dayanıklı olmasını sağlayan bir süreçtir. Nötr uyarıcılardan sonra duygusal resimleri sunmanın, nötr resimleri sunmaya göre, uyarıcıların hatırlanmasını artırdığı gösterilmiştir. Burada araştırmacıların ilgisini çeken nokta, duygusal olayların, gösterimde olmayan, önceden sunulmuş nötr uyarıcıların hatırlanmasını otomatik olarak etkilemesidir. Ancak, bu etkinin Türk kültürü gibi diğer kültürlere genellenebilirliğine ilişkin yeterli kanıt yoktur. Bu çalışmanın amacı, duygusal uyarıcıların kendilerinden önce gösterilen nötr uyarıcıların hatırlanmasını arttırıp arttırmadığını bir Türk örneklemi üzerinde araştırılmasıdır. Bu amaç doğrultusunda iki deney yapılmış ve birinci deneye 66, ikinci deneye ise 22 kişi katılmıştır. Uyarılmışlığı yüksek veya düşük resimler nötr resimlerden sonra gösterilmiştir. Bir hafta sonra verilen tanıma testi ile bellek performansı ölçülmüştür. Literatürde gözlemlenen bellek artışı Türk katılımcılarında tekrarlanmamıştır. Bulgular, duygunun geriye dönük bellek üzerindeki etkisinin kültüre bağlı olduğunu göstermektedir.
Citation - WoS: 1
Citation - Scopus: 1
The Effect of Integrative Prequestions on Learning From Text: an Eye-Tracking Study
(Routledge Journals, Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2024) Bostan, Esra; Ozcelik, Erol
Asking questions before studying (i.e., prequestions) is an effective strategy for learning, but there is not enough evidence demonstrating how integrative prequestions lead to a general benefit of learning. Considering this need, this study aimed to reveal the underlying cognitive processes contributing to this learning benefit using eye movement measurements. This study included 24 adults aged 18-35. Half of the participants were randomly selected to answer integrative questions before reading the passage (Prequestion Group). The other half did not receive prequestions before reading (Control Group). The results show that answering integrative questions before reading enhances the learning of both prequestioned and non-prequestioned sentences. Eye movement data demonstrates that the Prequestion Group exhibited increased attention, with a greater fixation number and longer complete fixation time on prequestioned sentences than the Control Group, and they also displayed more gaze transitions between these sentences during reading due to combining information related to prequestions. Interestingly, the Prequestion Group achieved higher post-test scores on non-prequestioned sentences, even though they paid less attention to these items than the Control Group. These findings suggest that integrative prequestioning can be used as an active learning strategy for students to foster deeper cognitive processes through the integration of information.
Citation - WoS: 0
Citation - Scopus: 0
The Effects of Physiological Stress on Learning Instructional Materials
(Editura Univ Oradea, 2022) Tuncol, Aleyna Su; Cengil, Betul Beyza; Aydin, Oyku; Kaynak, Hande; Ozcelik, Erol
Psychophysiological studies have shown that stress can both enhance and impair learning. However, there is not enough research on the effects of stress on learning ecologically valid materials. Considering this need, the goal of the current study is to examine the effects of physiological stress on learning instructional materials. Thirty-eight healthy participants held their hands in either ice-cold water (cold pressor stress group) or warm water (control group) for three minutes after studying the instructional material. Learning was assessed by recall and recognition tests given on the following day. The results showed that physiological stress impaired recall but did not affect recognition, suggesting that extreme stress levels had a detrimental effect on learning tests that rely on self-initiated cues.
Citation - WoS: 1
Citation - Scopus: 3
Enhancing Multimedia Learning by Emotional Arousal
(Routledge Journals, Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2024) Ozcelik, Erol; Özçelik, Erol; Arslan-Ari, Ismahan; Psikoloji
Several studies in multimedia learning have examined the effect of emotional design. Recent findings from cognitive psychology provide opportunities for educators to use more direct ways of manipulating emotion to enhance learning. These studies have shown that emotionally arousing words and pictures are remembered better than neutral ones. Building upon these findings, this experimental study investigates the effect of arousal of instructional materials on learning. A total of 154 participants were randomly divided into a "high-emotional arousal" and a "low-emotional arousal" group in a between-subjects design. These results suggest that emotional arousal enhanced learning. Mediation analyses show that the effect of arousal on learning was partially mediated by interest. Accordingly, emotional arousal increased interest, which in turn improved transfer scores. The findings imply that motivational factors such as situational interest encouraged elaborative processing and deeper levels of learning. The direct effect of emotional arousal on learning was also significant.
Citation - WoS: 16
Citation - Scopus: 20
Fusion of smartphone sensor data for classification of daily user activities
(Springer, 2021) Sengul, Gokhan; Özçelik, Erol; Ozcelik, Erol; Misra, Sanjay; Damasevicius, Robertas; Maskeliunas, Rytis; 115500; Psikoloji
New mobile applications need to estimate user activities by using sensor data provided by smart wearable devices and deliver context-aware solutions to users living in smart environments. We propose a novel hybrid data fusion method to estimate three types of daily user activities (being in a meeting, walking, and driving with a motorized vehicle) using the accelerometer and gyroscope data acquired from a smart watch using a mobile phone. The approach is based on the matrix time series method for feature fusion, and the modified Better-than-the-Best Fusion (BB-Fus) method with a stochastic gradient descent algorithm for construction of optimal decision trees for classification. For the estimation of user activities, we adopted a statistical pattern recognition approach and used the k-Nearest Neighbor (kNN) and Support Vector Machine (SVM) classifiers. We acquired and used our own dataset of 354 min of data from 20 subjects for this study. We report a classification performance of 98.32 % for SVM and 97.42 % for kNN.
Citation - WoS: 21
Citation - Scopus: 23
Insights From Pupil Size to Mental Workload of Surgical Residents: Feasibility of an Educational Computer-Based Surgical Simulation Environment (ECE) Considering the Hand Condition
(Sage Publications inc, 2018) Dalveren, Gonca Gokce Menekse; Özçelik, Erol; Cagiltay, Nergiz Ercil; Ozcelik, Erol; Maras, Hakan; 115500; Psikoloji
The advantage of simulation environments is that they present various insights into real situations, where experimental research opportunities are very limited-for example, in endoscopic surgery. These operations require simultaneous use of both hands. For this reason, surgical residents need to develop several motor skills, such as eye-hand coordination and left-right hand coordination. While performing these tasks, the hand condition (dominant, nondominant, both hands) creates different degrees of mental workload, which can be assessed through mental physiological measures-namely, pupil size. Studies show that pupil size grows in direct proportion to mental workload. However, in the literature, there are very limited studies exploring this workload through the pupil sizes of the surgical residents under different hand conditions. Therefore, in this study, we present a computer-based simulation of a surgical task using eye-tracking technology to better understand the influence of the hand condition on the performance of skill-based surgical tasks in a computer-based simulated environment. The results show that under the both-hand condition, the pupil size of the surgical residents is larger than the one under the dominant and nondominant hand conditions. This indicates that when the computer-simulated surgical task is performed with both hands, it is considered more difficult than in the dominant and nondominant hand conditions. In conclusion, this study shows that pupil size measurements are sufficiently feasible to estimate the mental workload of the participants while performing surgical tasks. The results of this study can be used as a guide by instructional system designers of skill-based training programs.
Citation - WoS: 8
Reliability, Validity and Turkish Adaptation of Self-Directed Learning Scale (SDLS)
(2018) Fuçular, Emine Ezgi; Nazlıgül, Merve Denizci; Demircioğlu, Zeynep Işıl; Çevik, Tuğçe; Öge, Burak; Ozcelik, Erol; 304288
Self-Directed Learning Scale (SDLS) developed by Lounsbury, Levy, Park, Gibson, and Smith (2009) was used for determining individuals’ self-directed learning. The purpose of this study was to translate the SDLS into Turkish and to investigate its reliability and validity with a sample of 272 university students. The SDLS, the Modified Schutte Emotional Intelligence Scale (MSEIS), Self-Directed Learning Inventory (SDLI), and the Causal Uncertainty Scale (CUS) for determining convergent validity was applied to the participants. Factor analyses results verified the uni-dimensionality of the scale. The test–retest correlation of SDLS was 0.82, whereas Cronbach alpha coefficient of the scale was founded as 0.85 in the reliability analyses. Correlation coefficients representing for convergent validities varied from 0.30 to 0.72 (p < .01) and criterion validity of the scale was determined as 0.236 when cumulative GPA was used as criterion in the assessment of concurrent validity. The findings suggest that the Turkish adaptation of SDLS is a valid and reliable tool to measure self-directed learning in Turkish samples
Citation - WoS: 0
Citation - Scopus: 0
Remembered or forgotten stimuli: A functional magnetic resonance imaging study on the effects of emotion
(Kare Publ, 2020) Ozcelik, Erol; Özçelik, Erol; Kilic, Betul; 115500; Psikoloji
Objective: The first aim of this study is to examine why emotional events enhance memory for preceding stimuli. The second goal is to identify brain regions associated with remembering and forgetting by finding brain activation differences during encoding of remembered and forgotten stimuli. The third goal is to examine which brain areas are activated when studying emotional pictures compared to neutral ones. Method: In each trial, a picture of an object followed by an emotional or neutral picture from the Turkish culture were presented to 15 volunteers. The effect of the succeeding pictures on the remembering of preceding stimuli was examined. The participants studied the stimuli in the magnetic resonance scanner and, meanwhile, brain images were taken. The memory performances of the participants were measured with the recognition test administered one week later. Results: Behavioral results suggest that emotion has no effect on memory for preceding stimuli. Functional magnetic resonance imaging results indicate that remembered stimuli compared to forgotten ones caused more activation in left inferior frontal gyrus and left superior medial gyrus. Emotional pictures create more activation in the - mid-temporal gyrus and supramarginal gyrus compared to neutral images. Conclusion: Brain structures in which activations are observed in remembered stimuli compared to forgotten ones (left inferior frontal gyrus and left superior medial gyrus) are responsible for the semantic elaboration and associative memory formation. Thus, it can be concluded that object pictures are remembered because they are processed more deeply. Besides, activations are observed in the areas known to be related to the processing of emotional face expressions when emotional and neutral pictures are compared.
Short-Term Consolidation of Information for Episodic Memory: The Role of Attention
(2021) Özçelik, Erol; Ozcelik, Erol; Tekman, Hasan Gürkan; 115500; Psikoloji
Hızlı seri görsel sunum, dikkat kırpması, ve ikili görev bozulmaları olgularından elde edilen kanıtlar insanoğlunun kısa-süreli konsolidasyon sürecinde anlamlı bir sınırlılığı olduğunu öne sürmektedir. Kısa-süreli konsolidasyon, görsel temsillerin daha kalıcı bellek biçimlerine transfer edilmesidir. Yapılmış çalışmalar hedef uyaranlardan sonra gösterilen maskelerin bilgilerin konsolidasyonunu yarıda kestiğini göstermesine rağmen, bilgilerin anısal bellek için konsolidasyonunda dikkatin rolü hakkında yeterli kanıt yoktur. Dikkatin ve hedef uyaran ile maske arasındaki uyaran başlangıcı senkronizasyonsuzluğunun (UBS) anısal belleğe etkisini incelemek için üç deney yapılmıştır. Maskeler hedef uyaranlardan sonra değişen UBS'lerde sunulmuştur. Bölünmüş dikkat koşulundaki katılımcılar maskelerin sunumundan sonra dikkat gerektiren ikincil bir iş yaparken tam dikkat koşulundaki katılımcılara böyle bir görev verilmemiştir. Sonuçlar göstermiştir ki; hedef uyaranlar ile maskeler arasındaki UBS'yi düşürmek bölünmüş dikkatte bellek performansını düşürürken tam dikkatte performansı etkilememiştir. Bu bulgular kısa-süreli konsolidasyon sürecinde dikkatin gerekliliğini desteklemektedir.
Citation - WoS: 6
Citation - Scopus: 8
Simulation-based environments for surgical practice
(Ieee, 2017) Dalveren, Gonca Gokce Menekse; Özçelik, Erol; Cagiltay, Nergiz Ercil; Ozcelik, Erol; Maras, Hakan; 115500; Psikoloji
Modeling and simulation environments provide several insights about the real situations such as endoscopic surgery. Endoscopic surgery requires both hand skills, so, understanding the effect of using dominant or non dominant hand on mental workload is important to better design, develop and implement modeling and simulation environments to support real-life implementations of surgical procedures. This experimental study presents a simulation application of eye-tracking approach to understand mental workload in different hand conditions: dominant hand, non-dominant hand and both hand. The results of the study show that, performing simulated surgical tasks by both hands compared to dominant hand, increases mental workload which is evident by higher pupil size. Accordingly, to manage the mental-load problems of surgeons while performing complex tasks that require both hand usage simulation-based environments can be used. Consequently, collection of detailed information such as eye-data, can give several insights about the behaviors of the surgeons. Also, their required skills can be improved by development of simulation and training environments.
Citation - WoS: 12
Citation - Scopus: 13
The Effect of Training, Used-Hand, and Experience on Endoscopic Surgery Skills in an Educational Computer-Based Simulation Environment (ECE) for Endoneurosurgery Training
(Sage Publications inc, 2019) Cagiltay, Nergiz Ercil; Özçelik, Erol; Ozcelik, Erol; Isikay, Ilkay; Hanalioglu, Sahin; Suslu, Ahmet E.; Yucel, Taskin; Berker, Mustafa; 115500; Psikoloji
Today, virtual simulation environments create alternative hands-on practice opportunities for surgical training. In order to increase the potential benefits of such environments, it is critical to understand the factors that influence them. This study was conducted to determine the effects of training, used-hand, and experience, as well as the interactions between these variables, on endoscopic surgery skills in an educational computer-based surgical simulation environment. A 2-hour computer-based endoneurosurgery simulation training module was developed for this study. Thirty-one novice- and intermediate-level resident surgeons from the departments of neurosurgery and ear, nose, and throat participated in this experimental study. The results suggest that a 2-hour training during a 2-month period through computer-based simulation environment improves the surgical skills of the residents in both-hand tasks, which is necessary for endoscopic surgical procedures but not in dominant hand tasks. Based on the results of this study, it can be concluded that computer-based simulation environments potentially improve surgical skills; however, the scenarios for such training modules need to consider especially the bimanual coordination of hands and should be regularly adapted to the individual skill levels and progresses.
Citation - WoS: 8
Citation - Scopus: 7
The Underlying Reasons of the Navigation Control Effect on Performance in a Virtual Reality Endoscopic Surgery Training Simulator
(Taylor & Francis inc, 2019) Cagiltay, Nergiz Ercil; Özçelik, Erol; Ozcelik, Erol; Berker, Mustafa; Dalveren, Gonca Gokce Menekse; 115500; Psikoloji
Navigation control skills of surgeons become very critical for surgical procedures. Strategies improving these skills are important for developing higher-quality surgical training programs. In this study, the underlying reasons of the navigation control effect on performance in a virtual reality-based navigation environment are evaluated. The participants' performance is measured in conditions: navigation control display and paper-map display. Performance measures were collected from 45 beginners and experienced residents. The results suggest that navigation display significantly improved performance of the participants. Also, navigation was more beneficial for beginners than experienced participants. The underlying reason of the better performance in the navigation condition was due to lower number of looks to the map, which causes attention shifts between information sources. Accordingly, specific training scenarios and user interfaces can be developed to improve the navigation skills of the beginners considering some strategies to lower their number of references to the information sources.