Fen - Edebiyat Fakültesi

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A Critical Review of the Joker Movie in the Context of Mahler's Separation-İndividuatin theory and PTSD
(2021) Güven, Ayşenur; Işık, Selin; Oya, Sera; Yaşar, Nuray; Topcu Bulut, Merve
Bu çalışmada Mahler’in ayrılma-bireyleşme kuramı çerçevesinde Joker filmindeki Arthur Fleck karakterinin gelişim evreleri hakkında çıkarımlar yapılması, ilk 36 aylık deneyimlerinin Arthur’un duygu, düşünce ve kişilik gelişimindeki etkilerinin incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Mahler’in kuramına göre bireyin ilk altı ayı normal otistik ve normal ortakyaşamsal olmak üzere, birbirinin devamı ve tamamlayıcısı niteliğindeki iki kritik evreden oluşmaktadır. Devamında ise farklılaşma, alıştırma, yeniden yakınlaşma ve bireyliğin pekişmesi ve coşkusal nesne sürekliliğinin başlangıcı olmak üzere dört farklı altevreden oluşan ayrılma-bireyleşme süreci gelmektedir. Kişilik oluşumu sürecinde bu altevreler büyük önem taşımaktadır. Arthur’un narsistik ve madde kötüye kullanım tanısı almış olan annesi ile ilişkisi, baba kavramının eksikliği, çevresiyle olan etkileşimi ve toplum içinde görünür olma arzusu üzerinde durulmuştur. Çocukluk çağında istismar ve ihmale uğrayan, yetişkinlik çağında ise sistematik olarak psikolojik şiddete maruz kalmaya devam eden Arthur'un örseleyici yaşam öyküsü kimlik oluşumunu, sosyal uyumunu, kişilik gelişimini olumsuz etkilemiş ve örselenme sonrası gerginlik bozukluğu (ÖSGB) belirtilerinin oluşmasına yol açmıştır. Bahsedilen bilgiler ışığında Arthur Fleck karakteri, DSM-5 örselenme sonrası gerginlik bozukluğu tanı kriterlerinden faydalanılarak Mahler’in ayrılma-bireyleşme kuramı çerçevesinde incelenmiştir.
A global experience-sampling method study of well-being during times of crisis: The CoCo project
(2023) Yalçın, Aslı; 107460
We present a global experience-sampling method (ESM) study aimed at describing, predicting, and understanding individual differences in well-being during times of crisis such as the COVID-19 pandemic. This international ESM study is a collaborative effort of over 60 interdisciplinary researchers from around the world in the "Coping with Corona" (CoCo) project. The study comprises trait-, state-, and daily-level data of 7490 participants from over 20 countries (total ESM measurements = 207,263; total daily measurements = 73,295) collected between October 2021 and August 2022. We provide a brief overview of the theoretical background and aims of the study, present the applied methods (including a description of the study design, data collection procedures, data cleaning, and final sample), and discuss exemplary research questions to which these data can be applied. We end by inviting collaborations on the CoCo dataset.
Alzheimer Hastalığına Bilişsel Süreçler ve Klinik Çerçeveden Bakış: Şahsiyet Dizisinin Kritik İncelemesi
(2019) Kaynak, Hande; Denizci Nazlıgül, Merve; 10109
Şahsiyet (Saylak, 2018), İstanbul Beyoğlu’nda yaşayan Agâh Beyoğlu’nun değişen yaşamını anlatan 12 bölümlük bir kısa dizidir. Alzheimer hastalığı tanısı aldıktan sonra Agâh Beyoğlu seri cinayetler işlemeye başlar. Bu makalenin ilk bölümünde, dizinin ana karakterleri ve hikâye örüntüsü genel hatlarıyla özetlenmiştir. Çalışmanın ikinci bölümünde ise dizinin ana karakteri ekseninde Alzheimer hastalığında gözlemlenen bilişsel süreçlerdeki bozulmalar aktarılmaktadır. Bu kapsamda bellek süreçleri ve kişilikte ortaya çıkan değişimler, bilişsel psikoloji ve nöroloji disiplinlerinin bulguları ışığında tartışılmaktadır. Makalenin üçüncü bölümünde, ana karakterin yaşamı ve hastalığıyla olan ilişkisi klinik çerçeveden ele alınmıştır. Bu bağlamda, Agâh Bey’in kişilerarası ilişkileri varoluşçu psikoloji çerçevesinden incelenmiştir. Ayrıca, Agâh Bey’in Alzheimer hastalığı tanısını aldıktan sonra geliştirebileceği düşünülen savunma mekanizmaları ele alınmıştır. Özetle, bu çalışmada kişinin Alzheimer hastalığı tanısı almasıyla bilişsel süreçlerindeki bozulmaları nasıl deneyimleyebileceği sunulmuştur. Ayrıca, Alzheimer hastalığı tanısı aldıktan sonra, Agâh Bey’in yaşayabileceği olası varoluşsal kaygılar ve kişilerarası çatışmalar tartışılmıştır.
An Investigation of the Differences in the Dark Triad and the Big Five Personality Traits Across Majors
(2019) Göncü Köse, Aslı; Ekren, Buse; 166202
The Dark Triad (DT) personality traits include interrelated personality constructs which are Machiavellianism, narcissism, and psychopathy, and research has shown that individuals who are high on the DT personality traits tend to choose occupations that provide outcomes compatible with these traits. Supporting this reasoning, the DT is suggested to have impacts on major choices of university students. Previous research has also shown that the Big Five (BF) personality traits influenced educational choices. The main aim of the current study was to examine whether or not self-selection based on these personality characteristics predicted career choices. Data was collected from 659 (359 female) newly enrolled students in seven academic majors (i.e., psychology, law, economics/business, engineering, political science, medicine, and education) in Turkey. Mean scores of the groups were compared using two (gender) by seven (major) analysis of variance with the DT and BF personality traits as the dependent variables. The results revealed that Machiavellianism scores of economics/business and engineering students were significantly higher than those of psychology students. In addition, psychopathy scores of engineering, economics/business, and political science students were higher than those of psychology students. Neuroticism scores of students from psychology departments were higher than those of engineering, economics/business, and political science students. Law and education students’ neuroticism scores were also higher than those of students from engineering and economics/business departments. Finally, interaction effects of major and gender were significant for openness to experience and conscientiousness. The findings are discussed regarding theoretical and practical implications along with suggestions for future research.
An Investigation of the Differences in the Dark Triad and the Big Five Personality Traits Across Majors
(2019) Göncü Köse, Aslı; Ekren, Buse; 166202
The Dark Triad (DT) personality traits include interrelated personality constructs which are Machiavellianism, narcissism, and psychopathy, and research has shown that individuals who are high on the DT personality traits tend to choose occupations that provide outcomes compatible with these traits. Supporting this reasoning, the DT is suggested to have impacts on major choices of university students. Previous research has also shown that the Big Five (BF) personality traits influenced educational choices. The main aim of the current study was to examine whether or not self-selection based on these personality characteristics predicted career choices. Data was collected from 659 (359 female) newly enrolled students in seven academic majors (i.e., psychology, law, economics/business, engineering, political science, medicine, and education) in Turkey. Mean scores of the groups were compared using two (gender) by seven (major) analysis of variance with the DT and BF personality traits as the dependent variables. The results revealed that Machiavellianism scores of economics/business and engineering students were significantly higher than those of psychology students. In addition, psychopathy scores of engineering, economics/business, and political science students were higher than those of psychology students. Neuroticism scores of students from psychology departments were higher than those of engineering, economics/business, and political science students. Law and education students’ neuroticism scores were also higher than those of students from engineering and economics/business departments. Finally, interaction effects of major and gender were significant for openness to experience and conscientiousness. The findings are discussed regarding theoretical and practical implications along with suggestions for future research.
Antecedents of football fan violence: The dark triad, impulsivity, identification and aggression
(2023) Göncü Köse, Aslı; Onaran, Sami O.; 166202
Antecedents of problematic social media use and cyberbullying among adolescents: attachment, the dark triad and rejection sensitivity
(2023) Demircioğlu, Zeynep Işıl; Göncü Köse, Aslı; 166202
With the acceleration of internet use, problematic social media use (PSMU) is included in our lives. When looking at the antecedents of PSMU, being young has been found to be a risk factor for PSMU. In addition to the benefits of technological advances in education and training, rapid technological developments may also result in problematic behaviors, especially among children and young. Recently, possibilities brought by technology and more widespread use of technology by young people have created a new concept, namely, cyberbullying. The present study aims to examine the effects of attachment anxiety and avoidance on PSMU and cyberbullying as with the partial mediating effects of the Dark Triad personality traits, angry rejection sensitivity, and anxious rejection sensitivity among adolescents. In general, the findings supported the proposed theoretical model. The results are discussed in terms of theoretical and practical implications along with suggestions for future research.
Are General Intelligence and Implicit Memory Related?: The Effect of Age
(2019) Kaynak, Hande; 101097
This study investigated the relationship between general intelligence and implicit memory performance in conjunction with aging. Data have been collected from 95 volunteers (49 young-46 older adults). General intelligence was measured by the Raven Standard Progressive Matrices (RSPM) test. Participants’ implicit memory performance was measured by the Word Stem Completion (WSC) task, in which the participants were presented with first three letters of a word and asked to complete this stem with the first word that comes to their mind. Explicit memory performance was also measured to be able to make a comparison with implicit memory performance and to document the differentiation between implicit and explicit memory. Although the same WSC task was used to measure implicit and explicit memory performance separately, the different instructions were used to deduce the different memory types. According to the results of factorial ANOVA, the main effect of age on general intelligence score was found to be statistically significant. After running further analyses by Pearson product-moment correlation coefficients, results indicated that RSPM test total correct score had a tendency to decrease with increasing age and RSPM test completion time had a tendency to increase with aging. Results also showed that implicit WSC task score and RSPM test total correct score were positively correlated. Similarly, explicit WSC task score and RSPM test total correct score were positively correlated, too. However, RSPM test completion time did not differ depending on implicit and explicit memory performances which were measured by WSC task. The present study indicated the relation between implicit WSC task and general intelligence. Within this context, this study is important to draw attention to the contribution of implicit memory measurement which is in the shadow of traditional explicit memory measurements to general intelligence, especially in older population.
Are Teens at Risk? An Overview of Social Media Addiction among Adolescents
(2021) Demircioğlu, Zeynep Işıl; Göncü Köse, Aslı; 166202
Belongingness and interpersonal communication are among the most essential human needs. However, the ways individuals satisfy these needs change with the advances in technology. Especially with the increase of internet usage, social media platforms became the primary source that satisfies these needs of individuals. However, despite of its contribution to social communication, recent research also revealed the negative consequences of social media use, especially those of social media addiction. Social media addiction (SMA) is defined as possessing a high motivation or inner tendency to use social media to an extent that it leads to dysfunctional outcomes such as failure in work/academic performance, decline in psychological well-being, or breakdown in social relationships. As an initial step for prevention programs, identifying the antecedents and the protective factors for SMA is as important as revealing its consequences. In the present chapter, characteristics of SMA, along with antecedents and consequences of SMA among adolescents are summarized. Furthermore, future directions for SMA research, practical implications and intervention strategies indicated in the literature to prevent SMA among adolescents are presented.
Associated Factors of Psychological Symptoms Among Unemployed Turkish Adults: The Role of Personality Factors and Rumination
(Sage Publications INC, 2019) Tuna, Ezgi; Şeyma, Balcı; 163887
Unemployment has been associated with adverse mental health outcomes including depression and suicide. In the last decades, unemployment rates have increased substantially in Turkey; yet, factors and mechanisms that play a role in experiencing psychological symptoms among unemployed individuals are not well understood. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of personality characteristics on psychological symptoms among unemployed Turkish adults and to test the mediating role of rumination as a dysfunctional cognitive strategy. The sample consisted of 217 unemployed Turkish adults who completed self-report measures on neuroticism, external locus of control, rumination, and psychological symptoms. The results of the structural equation modeling indicated that rumination partially mediated the relationship between personality variables (i.e., neuroticism and external locus of control) and psychological symptoms, thus verifying the hypothesis of the study. The direct paths from trait neuroticism and external locus of control to psychological symptoms were also significant. Results revealed that a tendency to attribute future outcomes to external factors and an increased tendency to experience negative emotions are associated with engaging passively in rumination, which in turn predicts psychological symptoms. Interventions are suggested to focus on effective coping strategies along with increasing individuals' perceived control over life and future.
Attention mediates the effect of emotional arousal on learning outcomes in multimedia learning: an eye-tracking study
(2023) Özçelik, Erol; Özçelik, Erol; 115500
Recent findings from psychological studies have shown that emotional arousal improves human memory. However, more evidence is necessary if these results are generalisable to multimedia learning environments. Considering these needs, the study has the goal to examine the effect of emotional arousal on multimedia learning. Fifty-seven participants were presented with instructional materials with either high- or low-arousing words and pictures in an experimental study. The eye movements of participants were recorded while they studied the instructional materials to examine the online processes during learning. The results suggest that emotional arousal enhanced recall and transfer scores. The eye-tracking results demonstrate that emotional arousal attracted attention. The results of the mediation analysis suggest that fixation time on emotional pictures as an indicator of attention mediated the relationship between emotional arousal and learning outcomes. The findings show the importance of the guidance of attention by emotional multimedia elements for learning.
Attention mediates the effect of emotional arousal on learning outcomes in multimedia learning: an eye-tracking study
(2023) Özçelik, Erol; Özçelik, Erol; 115500
Recent findings from psychological studies have shown that emotional arousal improves human memory. However, more evidence is necessary if these results are generalisable to multimedia learning environments. Considering these needs, the study has the goal to examine the effect of emotional arousal on multimedia learning. Fifty-seven participants were presented with instructional materials with either high- or low-arousing words and pictures in an experimental study. The eye movements of participants were recorded while they studied the instructional materials to examine the online processes during learning. The results suggest that emotional arousal enhanced recall and transfer scores. The eye-tracking results demonstrate that emotional arousal attracted attention. The results of the mediation analysis suggest that fixation time on emotional pictures as an indicator of attention mediated the relationship between emotional arousal and learning outcomes. The findings show the importance of the guidance of attention by emotional multimedia elements for learning.
Bullying as a Group Process: Investigation of Participant Roles in Terms of Social Status and Gender
(2015) Topçu, Aysun Ergül; Dönmez, Ali; 173556
This study mainly aims to test the participant roles approach on Turkish sample suggesting that bullying is a group process. In this regard, students' ways of involving in bullying and the extent to which children are aware of their participant roles and whether these participant roles differentiate in terms of gender and social status was investigated. A total of 774 students (384 females and 390 males), from 6(th), 7(th) and 8(th) grades of 11 different primary schools in Ankara participated in the study. The results showed that 74% of all children involved in one of the participant roles as bully (11.5%), assistant-reinforcer (10.9%), defender (21.1%), outsider (20.9%) and victim (9.7%). The examinations of the relations between self-reported and peer-reported scores of participant roles revealed that children were aware of their roles in the bullying situations, however, they significantly underestimated their roles in bully and assistant-reinforcer scales while overestimated their roles in the defender and outsider scales. Boys are more actively involved in bullying process than girls; boys participated most frequently in the roles of bully, assistant-reinforcer and victim while girls participated most frequently in the defender and outsider roles. In terms of the findings related to social status, victims were the least accepted and most rejected group among their peers although they did not differentiate from bullies and assistant-reinforcer in this sense. Besides, the victims were
Comorbidity with bipolar disorder and its adverse effects on caregivers - A literature review
(2023) Soylu, Gül Çağla; Topçu, Merve
Does Perceived Social Support Buffer the Negative Effects of Type C Personality on Quality of Life of Breast Cancer Patients?
(2014) Yılmaz, Tuğba; Tathan, Ece; Yılmaz, Tuğba
The present study investigated possible Type C personality-quality of life (QOL) relationship, and the moderating role of perceived social support in this relation among 101 postoperative breast cancer patients. Participants were from different cities in Turkey but receiving treatment in the capital, Ankara. Obtained data were analyzed by moderated regression analysis. According to the results, Type C personality was not related to the QOL of participants, however, higher perceived social support was associated with better QOL in patients. Also, perceived social support moderated Type C personality-QOL relation. Accordingly, patients high on Type C personality and perceived social support had the highest QOL. In contrast, patients high on Type C personality and low on perceived social support had the lowest QOL. Findings, as well as the strengths and limitations of the study, were discussed in the light of the relevant literature. As a possible clinical implication, enhancement of social support networks of the patients were suggested.
Drivers’ Self-Reported Reasons of Speeding: A Turkish Driver Sample from Two Cities
(2019) Bıçaksız, Pınar; Doğruyol, Burak; Gür Erdost, Begüm; H. Hoe, Connie; 163626
Speeding is an important risk factor of road traffic crashes, and identifying the factors associated with speeding is crucial for road safety. In the present study, face-to-face roadside interviews were conducted to investigate the reasons of speeding among Turkish drivers at six different data collection times in two different cities. A structured interview was administered to collect data from a total of 3317 and 1559 drivers in Ankara and Afyon cities, respectively. Results from the two cities consistently revealed that drivers’ self-reported speeding frequency was partially determined by gender and age. Also, perceiving speeding as a cause of crashes was associated with lower frequency of speeding. Finally, thinking that speed tickets are a means for increasing government income and that it would be safe to exceed the speed limit if driving “safely” was positively associated with frequency of speeding. These findings indicate the importance of norms and (biased) perceptions in speeding behavior.
Effects of the Dark Triad on OCBs and CWBs: Mediating roles of incivility towards different targets
(2023) Civit, Selinay; Göncü Köse, Aslı; 166202
Enhancing Multimedia Learning by Emotional Arousal
(2023) Özçelik, Erol; Arslan-Ari, Ismahan
Several studies in multimedia learning have examined the effect of emotional design. Recent findings from cognitive psychology provide opportunities for educators to use more direct ways of manipulating emotion to enhance learning. These studies have shown that emotionally arousing words and pictures are remembered better than neutral ones. Building upon these findings, this experimental study investigates the effect of arousal of instructional materials on learning. A total of 154 participants were randomly divided into a “high-emotional arousal” and a “low-emotional arousal” group in a between-subjects design. These results suggest that emotional arousal enhanced learning. Mediation analyses show that the effect of arousal on learning was partially mediated by interest. Accordingly, emotional arousal increased interest, which in turn improved transfer scores. The findings imply that motivational factors such as situational interest encouraged elaborative processing and deeper levels of learning. The direct effect of emotional arousal on learning was also significant.
Evaluation of the Effectiveness of a Gaze-Based Training Intervention on Latent Hazard Anticipation Skills for Young Drivers: A Driving Simulator Study
(MDPI, 2018) Bıçaksız, Pınar; Bıçaksız, Pınar; Palmer, Dakota B.; Hatfield, Nathan; Samuel, Siby; 163626
A PC-based training program (Road Awareness and Perception Training or RAPT; Pradhan et al., 2009), proven effective for improving young novice drivers' hazard anticipation skills, did not fully maximize the hazard anticipation performance of young drivers despite the use of similar anticipation scenarios in both, the training and the evaluation drives. The current driving simulator experiment examined the additive effects of expert eye movement videos following RAPT training on young drivers' hazard anticipation performance compared to video-only and RAPT-only conditions. The study employed a between-subject design in which 36 young participants (aged 18-21) were equally and randomly assigned to one of three experimental conditions, were outfitted with an eye tracker and drove four unique scenarios on a driving simulator to evaluate the effect of treatment on their anticipation skills. The results indicate that the young participants that viewed the videos of expert eye movements following the completion of RAPT showed significant improvements in their hazard anticipation ability (85%) on the subsequent experimental evaluation drives compared to those young drivers who were only exposed to either the RAPT training (61%) or the Video (43%). The results further imply that videos of expert eye movements shown immediately after RAPT training may improve the drivers' anticipation skills by helping them map and integrate the spatial and tactical knowledge gained in a training program within dynamic driving environments involving latent hazards.
Factors Influencing Children’s Appraisals of Interparental Conflict: The Role of Parent-Child Relationship Quality
(2020) Selçuk, Şule; İşcanoğlu, Zülal; Sayıl, Melike; Sümer, Nebi; Berument, Sibel Kazak
The cognitive contextual model proposes that children’s appraisals of interparental conflict (IPC) can influence their adjustment. In addition, previous research revealed that interparental disputes may reflect on parent-child relationship that is linked with children’s self-blame and threat appraisals concerning IPC. However, there is a scarcity of research directly addressing the intervening role of the parent-child relationship on children’s appraisals of IPC. Thus, we investigated the mediating role of different aspects of the parent-child relationship (i.e., psychological control, warmth, and attachment security) in the link between IPC and self-blame and threat appraisals. Participants were 1,309 children, their mothers, and their fathers. SEM analyses indicated that higher IPC was related to higher parental psychological control and lower child attachment security, which in turn was associated with higher self-blame or threat appraisals. The pattern of relationships was similar across child and parent gender.

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