Elektronik ve Haberleşme Mühendisliği Bölümü Yayın Koleksiyonu
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Article Citation - WoS: 3Citation - Scopus: 3A hybrid Maliuzhinets/PO method for diffraction problems by impedance wedges(Elsevier Science Bv, 2011) Umul, Yusuf Ziya; Umul, Yusuf Ziya; 42699; Elektronik ve Haberleşme MühendisliğiThe solution of Maliuzhinets of the diffraction problem of waves by an impedance wedge is transformed into a physical optics integral. The resultant expression is suitable for the investigation of various diffraction problems having impedance wedges. The method is applied to the scattering of waves by an impedance spherical reflector with wedge structure at its discontinuity. The results are examined numerically. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.Article Citation - WoS: 6Citation - Scopus: 5A new representation of the Kirchhoffs diffraction integral(Elsevier Science Bv, 2013) Umul, Yusuf Ziya; Umul, Yusuf Ziya; 42699; Elektronik ve Haberleşme MühendisliğiThe diffraction integral of Kirchhoff is rearranged according to its integral boundaries. The new approach is based on the theory of the edge dislocation waves and provides a more correct field representation for the semi-infinite and infinite integrals in the direct numerical computation. The integral is studied on the diffraction problem of plane waves by a perfectly conducting half-plane. The correctness of the scattering diagrams is compared with the classical approach and the Fresnel integral representation of the scattered waves numerically. (c) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.Article Citation - WoS: 4Citation - Scopus: 5A study of source plane Mathieu beams(Springer, 2008) Eyyuboglu, H. T.; 7688We derive the source field expressions of different Mathieu beams. In particular, Mathieu beams consisting of the infinite summations of J-type Bessel functions and their Gaussian counterparts are studied. Mathieu beams based on the summation of I-type Bessel functions are introduced as well. By plotting the source intensities of such beams, the variations of the related profiles are examined against the changes in the source parameters. It is found that, via the adjustment of these parameters, it is possible to obtain completely new beam configurations and also those similar to the existing beams of the present literature.Article Citation - WoS: 11An analysis on radius of curvature aspects of hyperbolic and sinusoidal Gaussian beams(Springer Heidelberg, 2010) Eyyuboglu, H. T.; Ji, X.; 7688The effective radius of curvature of hyperbolic and sinusoidal Gaussian beams in free space and turbulent atmosphere is studied analytically and numerically. It is shown that the radius of curvature rises with growing source size, and changes slowly with wavelength. In general, given the same source and propagation settings, the beams can be listed in descending order of radius of curvature magnitudes as sinh Gaussian, cosh Gaussian, sine Gaussian, pure Gaussian and cos Gaussian beams. However, the radius of curvature and the difference of the radius of curvature between the different beams reduce with growing strength of turbulence because the beam's spatial phase distribution is destroyed by turbulence.Article Citation - WoS: 22Citation - Scopus: 23Annular beam scintillations in non-Kolmogorov weak turbulence(Springer, 2012) Gercekcioglu, H.; Baykal, Y.; 7812In a weakly turbulent atmosphere governed by the non-Kolmogorov spectrum, the on-axis scintillation index is formulated and evaluated when the incidence is an annular Gaussian type. When the power law of the non-Kolmogorov spectrum is varied, the scintillation index first increases, and reaches a peak value, then starts to decrease, and eventually approaches zero. The general trend is that when turbulence has a non-Kolmogorov spectrum with power law larger than the Kolmogorov power law, the scintillation index values become smaller. For all power laws, collimated annular Gaussian beams exhibit smaller scintillations when compared to pure Gaussian beams of the same size. Intensity fluctuations at a fixed propagation distance diminish for the non-Kolmogorov spectrum with a very large power law, irrespective of the focal length and the thickness of optical annular Gaussian sources.Article Citation - WoS: 16Citation - Scopus: 16Annular, cosh and cos Gaussian beams in strong turbulence(Springer Heidelberg, 2011) Eyyuboglu, Halil T.; 7688For the strong atmospheric turbulence regime, the asymptotic on-axis scintillation behavior of annular, cosh and cos Gaussian beams is theoretically derived and illustrated with numerical examples. It is observed from the plots that annular Gaussian beams exhibit more scintillations than a Gaussian beam, regardless of the amplitude coefficient and source size settings. For small source sizes, cosh Gaussian beams seem to have an advantage over Gaussian beams in terms of reduced scintillation, but for large source sizes a switchover occurs where cos Gaussian beams assume the advantage. Analysis of the effect of inner scale value shows that scintillations increases for all beams as the inner scale increases.Article Citation - WoS: 20Citation - Scopus: 21Apertured averaged scintillation of fully and partially coherent Gaussian, annular Gaussian, flat toped and dark hollow beams(Elsevier Science Bv, 2015) Eyyuboglu, Halil T.; 7688Apertured averaged scintillation requires the evaluation of rather complicated irradiance covariance function. Here we develop a much simpler numerical method based on our earlier introduced semianalytic approach. Using this method, we calculate aperture averaged scintillation of fully and partially coherent Gaussian, annular Gaussian flat topped and dark hollow beams. For comparison, the principles of equal source beam power and normalizing the aperture averaged scintillation with respect to received power are applied. Our results indicate that for fully coherent beams, upon adjusting the aperture sizes to capture 10 and 20% of the equal source power, Gaussian beam needs the largest aperture opening, yielding the lowest aperture average scintillation, whilst the opposite occurs for annular Gaussian and dark hollow beams. When assessed on the basis of received power normalized aperture averaged scintillation, fixed propagation distance and aperture size, annular Gaussian and dark hollow beams seem to have the lowest scintillation. Just like the case of point-like scintillation, partially coherent beams will offer less aperture averaged scintillation in comparison to fully coherent beams. But this performance improvement relies on larger aperture openings. Upon normalizing the aperture averaged scintillation with respect to received power, fully coherent beams become more advantageous than partially coherent ones. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.Article Citation - WoS: 9Citation - Scopus: 11Application of equivalent structure constant in scintillations and BER found for non-Kolmogorov spectrum(Elsevier Science Bv, 2014) Baykal, Yahya; Gercekcioglu, Hamza; 7812The evaluation of system parameters in the non-Kolmogorov turbulent atmosphere involves the structure constant valid at the relevant non-Kolmogorov power law exponent. In some of the existing results, the comparisons of system parameters found under the Kolmogorov and non-Kolmogorov turbulences were made by using the same structure constant for all the power law exponents of the non-Kolmogorov spectrum. In this paper, we evaluate the scintillations and the average Bit Error Rate (< BER >) for the flat-topped and the annular beams in non-Kolmogorov turbulence, this time using the equivalent structure constant which is now different for all the power law exponents. It is observed that the scintillations and the < BER > show completely different behaviour when evaluated with the equivalent structure constant as compared to evaluations with constant structure constant. (C) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.Editorial Citation - WoS: 6Citation - Scopus: 6Applications of Cognitive Radio Networks: Recent Advances and Future Directions(Sage Publications inc, 2016) Kim, Sung W.; Gazi, Orhan; Pan, Miao; Joshi, Gyanendra Prasad; Gazi, Orhan; He, Jianhua; Coupechoux, Marceau; 102896; Elektronik ve Haberleşme MühendisliğiArticle Citation - WoS: 4Citation - Scopus: 3Arbitrary laser beam propagation in free space(Elsevier Science Bv, 2009) Arpali, Caglar; Baykal, Yahya; Nakiboglu, Cem; 7812The propagation of arbitrary laser beams in free space is examined. For this purpose, starting with an incident field of arbitrary field distribution, the intensity at the receiver plane is formulated via Huygens Fresnel diffraction integral. Arbitrary source field profile is produced by decomposing the source into incremental areas (pixels). The received field through the propagation in free space is found by superposing the contributions from all source incremental areas. The proposed method enables us to evaluate the received intensity originating from any type of source field. Using the arbitrary beam excitation, intensity of various laser beams such as cos-Gaussian, cosh-Gaussian, general type beams are checked to be consistent with the already existing results in literature, and the received intensity distributions are obtained for some original arbitrary beam field profiles. Our received intensity formulation for the arbitrary source field profiles presented in this paper can find application in optics communication links, reflection from rough surfaces, optical cryptography and optical imaging systems. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.Article Citation - WoS: 8Citation - Scopus: 10Area scintillations of Bessel Gaussian and modified Bessel Gaussian beams of zeroth order(Springer, 2010) Eyyuboglu, H. T.; 7688As an extension of our previous study, the area scintillation aspects of Bessel Gaussian and modified Bessel Gaussian beams of zeroth order are investigated. The analysis is carried out on the basis of equal source sizes and equal source powers. It is found that, when compared on equal source size basis, modified Bessel Gaussian beams always have less area scintillations than a Gaussian beam, while Bessel Gaussian beams exhibit more area scintillations. Comparison on equal source power basis, however, removes the advantage of modified Bessel Gaussian beams, that is, their area scintillations become nearly the same as those of the Gaussian beam. On the other hand, for the case of equal source powers, Bessel Gaussian beams with larger width parameters continue to have higher area scintillations than the Gaussian beam. We provide graphical illustrations for profiles of equal source size beams, equal source power beams and the curves to aid the selection of equal source power beams.Article Citation - WoS: 126Citation - Scopus: 134Average intensity and spreading of cosh-Gaussian laser beams in the turbulent atmosphere(Optical Soc Amer, 2005) Eyyuboglu, HT; Baykal, Y; 7688; 7812The average intensity and spreading of cosh-Gaussian laser beams in the turbulent atmosphere are examined. Our research is based principally on formulating the average-intensity profile at the receiver plane for cosh-Gaussian excitation. The limiting cases of our formulation for the average intensity are found to reduce correctly to the existing Gaussian beam wave result in turbulence and the cosh-Gaussian beam result in free space (in the absence of turbulence). The average intensity and the broadening of the cosh-Gaussian beam wave after it propagates in the turbulent atmosphere are numerically evaluated versus source size, beam displacement, link length, structure constant, and two wavelengths of 0.85 and 1.55 mum, which are most widely used in currently employed free-space-optical links. Results indicate that in turbulence the beam is widened beyond its free-space diffraction values. At the receiver plane, analogous to the case of free space, this diffraction eventually leads to transformation of the cosh-Gaussian beam into an oscillatory average-intensity profile with a Gaussian envelope. (C) 2005 Optical Society of America.Article Citation - WoS: 18Citation - Scopus: 18Average transmittance in non-Kolmogorov turbulence(Elsevier Science Bv, 2013) Ata, Yalcin; Baykal, Yahya; Gercekcioglu, Hamza; 7812Average transmittance in non-Kolmogorov turbulence is evaluated. Our recently published equivalent structure constant formulation is employed in our numerical evaluations. At the fixed propagation distance and wavelength, and at the corresponding equivalent structure constant, as the power law exponent of the non-Kolmogorov spectrum increases, the on-axis transmittance is found to decrease. At the same power law exponent of the non-Kolmogorov spectrum, the off-axis transmittance is obtained to be smaller than the on-axis transmittance. Off-axis transmittance variation versus the power law exponent shows that similar to the on-axis case, increase in the power law exponent eventually causes the off-axis transmittance to decrease, however this decrease occurs at larger power law exponent for larger off-axis distance. (C) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.Article Citation - WoS: 33Citation - Scopus: 34Average transmittance in turbulence for partially coherent sources(Elsevier, 2004) Baykal, YAverage intensity and power-transmittance in turbulence are formulated for a source with arbitrary degree of coherence (both spatial and temporal). Average power-transmittance is shown to reduce to the average intensity-transmittance if the receiver dimension is much less than the beam size. The average transmittance is found to attain its minimum value when the source is on the order of the Fresnel zone, irrespective of the degree of coherence of the source. We obtain the correct average intensity when the source is coherent, partially coherent and incoherent. Average transmittances due to turbulence are found for practical FSO (Free Space Optics) communication links. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.Article Citation - WoS: 4Citation - Scopus: 4Beam diffraction by a resistive half-plane(Optical Soc Amer, 2015) Umul, Yusuf Ziya; Umul, Yusuf Ziya; 42699; Elektronik ve Haberleşme MühendisliğiThe scattering of a Gaussian beam by a resistive half-screen is investigated. Far-field approximation is used in evaluation of geometrical optics and diffracted waves. The uniform expression of the diffracted waves by the resistive half-plane, which was found with the Sommerfeld-Maliuzhinets method, is obtained. The scattered fields for the case of the beam incidence are evaluated with the technique of a complex point source. The resultant wave expressions are examined numerically. (C) 2015 Optical Society of AmericaArticle Citation - WoS: 26Citation - Scopus: 26Beam wander characteristics of cos and cosh-Gaussian beams(Springer, 2009) Cil, C. Z.; Çil, Celal Zaim; Eyyuboglu, H. T.; Baykal, Y.; Cai, Y.; 7688; 7812; Elektronik ve Haberleşme MühendisliğiWithin the context of a general beam formulation, beam wander characteristics of cos and cosh-Gaussian beams are derived and numerically evaluated. In our graphs, the fundamental Gaussian beam is used as a benchmark for comparisons. The associated plots reveal that at small source sizes, a cos-Gaussian beam has the lowest beam wander, while this property is enhanced with increasing values of the displacement parameter. At large source sizes however, this advantage is taken over by cosh-Gaussian beam. Joint examination against the changing source sizes and propagation lengths shows that the range of source sizes, where the beam wander of cos-Gaussian beam remains lower, is enlarged as we go toward higher propagation lengths. Asymmetric beams tend to exhibit higher beam wanders both at small and large source sizes, but for the intermediate source size ranges, the beam wanders of asymmetric beams will fall below those of the symmetric beams. Explanations concerning these behaviors are offered. A historical account of beam wander formulation is also included.Article Citation - WoS: 30Citation - Scopus: 35Beam wander of dark hollow, flat-topped and annular beams(Springer Heidelberg, 2008) Eyyuboglu, H. T.; Çil, Celal Zaim; Cil, C. Z.; 7688; Elektronik ve Haberleşme MühendisliğiBenefiting from the earlier derivations for the Gaussian beam, we formulate beam wander for dark hollow (DH) and flat-topped (FT) beams, also covering the annular Gaussian (AG) beam as a special case. Via graphical illustrations, beam wander variations of these beams are analyzed and compared among themselves and to the fundamental Gaussian beam against changes in propagation length, amplitude factor, source size, wavelength of operation, inner and outer scales of turbulence. These comparisons show that in relation to the fundamental Gaussian beam, DH and FT beams will exhibit less beam wander, particularly at small primary beam source sizes, lower amplitude factors of the secondary beam and higher beam orders. Furthermore, DH and FT beams will continue to preserve this advantageous position all throughout the considered range of wavelengths, inner and outer scales of turbulence. FT beams, in particular, are observed to have the smallest beam wander values among all, up to certain source sizes.Article Citation - WoS: 26Citation - Scopus: 27Beam Wander of J (0)- and I (0)-Bessel Gaussian Beams Propagating In Turbulent Atmosphere(Springer, 2010) Cil, C. Z.; Çil, Celal Zaim; Eyyuboglu, H. T.; Baykal, Y.; Korotkova, O.; Cai, Y.; 7812; 7688; Elektronik ve Haberleşme MühendisliğiRoot mean square (rms) beam wander of J (0)-Bessel Gaussian and I (0)-Bessel Gaussian beams, normalized by the rms beam wander of the fundamental Gaussian beam, is evaluated in atmospheric turbulence. Our formulation is based on the first and the second statistical moments obtained from the Rytov series. It is found that after propagating in atmospheric turbulence, the collimated J (0)-Bessel Gaussian and the I (0)-Bessel Gaussian beams have smaller rms beam wander than that of the Gaussian beam, regardless of the choice of Bessel width parameter. However, the extent of such an advantage depends on the chosen width parameter, Gaussian source size, propagation distance and the wavelength. Focusing at finite distances of the considered beams causes the rms beam wander to decrease sharply at the propagation distances equal to the focusing parameter.Article Citation - WoS: 30Citation - Scopus: 30BER of annular and flat-topped beams in non-Kolmogorov weak turbulence(Elsevier, 2013) Gercekcioglu, Hamza; Baykal, Yahya; 7812The average bit error rate (BER) of multi-Gaussian beams in non-Kolmogorov weak turbulence is examined. For each specific incidence of annular and flat-topped optical beam, a power law of non-Kolmogorov spectrum is found which is defined as the worst power law at which the average BER attains the maximum value. Using these values of the worst power laws, it is observed that thinner collimated annular, larger focal length annular and flatter small sized collimated flat-topped structures have a slight advantage in obtaining smaller average BER. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.Article Citation - WoS: 17Citation - Scopus: 15BER of annular and flat-topped beams in strong turbulence(Elsevier, 2013) Gercekcioglu, Hamza; Baykal, Yahya; 7812The average bit error rate (< BER >) of annular and flat-topped beams are evaluated in strong turbulence. In this respect, our earlier results on the scintillation indices obtained by the unified Rytov method are employed and the intensity is taken to be gamma-gamma distributed. For comparison purposes, < BER > for the log-normal intensity distribution is also evaluated. It is found that for the annular beams, the ones that are thinner, possessing smaller ratio of primary to secondary beam size, and smaller focal lengths will have smaller average BER in strong turbulence. For the flat-topped beams, the ones that are flatter and possessing large source sizes have smaller average BER in strong turbulence. Large average SNR substantially reduces the average BER in weak and moderate turbulence, whereas in strong turbulence, the average BER stays at the same value no matter what the average SNR is. Comparison of the log-normal and the gamma-gamma statistics for the intensity shows that the average BER will be higher for the log-normal case when the average SNR is small and the reverse relationship holds at large average SNR. For both the gamma-gamma and the log-normal intensity distributions, < BER > obtained for the annular and the, flat-topped beams in strong turbulence is advantageous over the Gaussian beam < BER > values. (C) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
