Uluslararası Ticaret Bölümü Yayın Koleksiyonu

Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12416/401

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1980 Sonrası Türkiye’de Uygulanan Teknoloji Politikaları ve Türkiye Açısından Teknolojik Gelişme Göstergeleri
(2020) Dinç, Dilek Temiz; 52039
Günümüzde sürdürülebilir bir büyüme ve kalkınma için iyi planlanmış ve uygulanmış bilim ve teknoloji politikalarına ihtiyaç duyulmaktadır. Özellikle 1980 sonrasında dışa açılmayla birlikte teknolojik gelişmelere daha fazla önem verilmeye başlanmasından dolayı, bu çalışmada ilk olarak 1980 sonrası Türkiye’de uygulanan teknoloji politikaları beş yıllık kalkınma planları çerçevesinde incelenmiştir. Bilim ve teknoloji politikaları bir girdi olarak kabul edilirse, teknolojik gelişme göstergeleri bir çıktı olarak kabul edilebilir. Bu bakımdan çalışmanın ikinci kısmında, Türkiye için teknolojik gelişme göstergeleri bağlamında genel bir değerlendirme yapılması amaçlanmıştır. Çalışmadan, Türkiye’nin diğer dünya ülkeleriyle rekabet gücünü artırması yolunda, üniversite-sanayi işbirliklerine daha çok önem vermesi, Gayri Safi Yurtiçi Hasıladan (GSYH) Ar-Ge faaliyetlerine daha çok pay ayırması, Ar-Ge araştırmacı sayısını arttırması, patent sayılarını arttırabilmek için bu konudakiteşvik uygulamalarının yeniden ele alınması ve bütün bunlar içinde öncelikle kurumsallaşmış, gelişmelere ve değişmelere hızla uyum sağlayabilecek bilim ve teknoloji politikalarının oluşturulması ve hayata geçirilmesi gerekliliği sonucuna ulaşılmıştır.
A Fuzzy AHP approach for selecting a global supplier in pharmaceutical industry
(2012) Taş, Ayşegül; 29252
Our study looks into the strategy that should be pursued for raw material procurement by a pharmaceutical firm operating in Turkey. In this paper, pharmaceutical research companies and food industry chemists operating in the global market in the pharmaceutical industry are examined and a suitable supply strategy is suggested for a company operating in Turkey under the specified criteria. The supplier selection is a multi-criterion problem which includes both qualitative and quantitative criteria. This paper proposes a fuzzy analytic hierarchy process (fuzzy-AHP) to efficiently tackle both quantitative and qualitative criteria involved in selection of global supplier in pharmaceutical industry. Four main criteria and thirteen sub-criteria were identified for supplier selection in this problem. The number of suppliers to be selected under these criteria was identified as four. A numerical example presented illustrates the different selection criteria to select the best supplier in pharmaceutical industry.
Akademisyenlerin Otomobil Alım Tercihlerini Etkileyen Faktörler
(2016) Nakip, Mahir; Nakip, Mahir; 118963; Uluslararası Ticaret ve Finansman
Besides providing people's daily transportation, cars also meet the psychological needs and the corporeal needs such as recreation, entertainment and trip. Academicians on the other side constitute a part of the society taken as a role model to pursue with interest whose ideas wondered. Therefore, this study investigates the existence of relationship between the purchase and use of cars which is an indispensable product due to demographic structures of academicians. Academicians are given a questionnaire according to demographics such as age, gender, income level and by the psychological factors such as the personality and learning-related features as well. The research questionnaire consisting of 2 pages was applied on 135 academicians who work in schools on different social and science areas. Applied survey data is processed with SPSS 20.0 and discriminant analysis was made to a number of hypotheses and then Wilks' Lambda test control is conducted. As a result, at the level of 5% significance, it was found that there exists difference between gender and monthly income with the preferred automobile brand they find attractive and difference between age and monthly income with frequences of car purchase. In this case, the monthly income among the demographic factors that affects the choice of buying a car is very effective, and age and gender are among the other influential factors.
Citation - WoS: 3
Citation - Scopus: 4
An empirical survey of consumer ethnocentrism in Kazakhstan and the preference of consumers on imported products
(Ahmet Yesevi Univ, 2017) Nakip, Mahir; Nakip, Mahir; Gokmen, Aytac; Gökmen, Aytaç; 118963; Uluslararası Ticaret ve Finansman
The reality of globalization declines the frontiers for cross border international trade and investments as well as functions as a means to converge the consumer needs and expectations on a global base. The convergence of the expectations of consumers is considerably beneficial for international businesses in their international marketing activities. However, this issue does not realize in every country or regional market. Yet, consumer ethnocentrism is a profound obstacle for international businesses which emphasis nationalistic sentiments, pride and the rejection of any product or idea that is made in another country without any rationale reasoning. Thus, this study is aimed at researching the subject of consumer ethnocentrism in the Central Asian Turkish Republic of Kazakhstan. The results indicate that there is not a strong relation between ethnocentric perceptions and product necessity in Kazakhstan. Also, sub-dimensions of ethnocentrism have different correlation levels with each imported products. In addition, religious and moral values are not effective factors in explaining the variation in imported products.
Citation - WoS: 0
Citation - Scopus: 0
At the convergence of energy corridors: energy situation in Turkey and a critical evaluation with Porter's model
(Igi Global, 2017) Gökmen, Aytaç; Gokmen, Aytac; Nakip, Mahir; Nakip, Mahir; 17660; 118963; Uluslararası Ticaret ve Finansman
Turkey is at the threshold of Eurasia connecting various energy corridors. It has an improving economic volume and is one of the 20 largest economies in the world. Energy and economic development are highly correlated. Turkey is dependent on imported energy. In order to keep up with the economic expansion, the energy requirements of Turkey must be met in a diversified, timely and reliable way. Thus, the aim of this paper is to define the geographic disposition of Turkey at the convergence of energy lines, review its energy situation comprehensively and make critical evaluations on energy and economy related issues, also with using the diamond model developed by Michael E. Porter resting on credible national and international publications and data.
Balanced Scorecard (Dengeli Başarı Göstergesi): Bsc Oluşturma Süreci Ve Uygulama Yöntemi
(2009) Gökmen, Aytaç; 17660; Uluslararası Ticaret ve Finansman
Zamanımız işletmeleri oldukça yoğun bir rekabetin bulunduğu bir çevrede uğraşılarına devam etmektedirler. Rekabetin bu denli belirleyici olduğu bir çevrede işletmelerin amaçlarını belirlemeleri ve bu amaçlarına ulaşacak politikalar geliştirmeleri güç olmaktadır. Geçmişte işletmeler başarı göstergesi olarak büyük çoğunlukla mali göstergeleri kullanmalarına rağmen artık, tek başına mali göstergeler yeterli olmamaktadır. Bu anlamda, işletmelerin uygun faaliyet politikalarını belirlemeleri için geliştirilen bir çözüm Balanced Scorecard (BSC)' dır. BSC işletmelerin amaç ve stratejilerini soyut ve somut göstergelere dönüştürmelerini ve işletmenin geleceğe dönük uğraşıları ve performansları daha iyi değerlendirdikleri bir yöntemdir. BSC mali göstergelerin yanında müşteri ilişkileri, içsel göstergeler (süreç planlama, üretim, pazarlama, istihdam gibi iç çevre etkenleri) ve de yeni bilginin işletme içinde edinilmesi, dağılımı ve kullanılması demek olan yenilik ve öğrenme ile ilgili göstergeleri de dikkate alarak işletmelerde kapsamlı bir denetim aracı halini almıştır. Bu çalışmada hedef, BSC kavramını yeniden değerlendirmek ve BSCnin oluşturulması ile uygulanmasına ait kavramsal bir modeli güvenilir uluslararası kaynaklara dayanarak ortaya koymaktır.
Born Global Firms: A Foreign Trade Related Study on Turkey
(2013) Gökmen, Aytaç; Temiz, Dilek; 17660; 52039; Uluslararası Ticaret ve Finansman
With the comprehensive advent in information and communication technologies and worldwide ease of transportation, the volume of international trade and business increased profoundly. Within this process, a Born Global Firm (BGF), right from its initiation, aims at creating competitive advantage by marketing a large volume of its products in various international markets by utilizing technological advances. Therefore, the rational behind the idea of BGF is to become an international firm in a short period of time and making international business affairs core of its business activities. Thus, the aim of this study is to review the concept of BGF theoretically and relate the issue to foreign trade affairs resting on significant sources related to the Turkish case mainly focusing on trade statistics as to review the potential development of BGFs in Turkey.
Citation - WoS: 21
Citation - Scopus: 21
Business groups and internal capital markets
(Routledge Journals, Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2007) Gonenc, Halit; Kan, Ozgur B.; Karadagli, Ece C.
We compare the performance of firms affiliated with diversified business groups with the performance of unaffiliated firms in Turkey, all emerging market. We address the question of whether group-affiliated firms create internal capital markets or control large cash flows. Our findings indicate that group affiliation improves a firm accounting performance, but not stock market performance. Deviation of cash-flow rights front voting rights has a negative but insignificant effect on accounting performance, but a significant effect on market performance. We also find that a firm's accounting, but not stock market, performance increases with the level of group diversification. Our results show that internal capital markets play an important role for the existence of business groups in all emerging market context.
Citation - WoS: 1
Citation - Scopus: 1
Cointegration, causality and the transmission of shocks across wheat market in Pakistan
(Springer, 2009) Klasra, Mushtaq Ahmad; Klasra, Mushtaq Ahmad; Uluslararası Ticaret ve Finansman
This paper uses quarterly price data and examines the transmission of shocks across different spatially separated locations besides identifying causality among these locations. Johansen and Juselius's (Econ. Stat., 52, 160-210, 1990) multivariate cointegration procedure identified two cointegrating vectors among these locations. Following Toda and Yamamoto (J. Econom., 66, 225-250, 1995), causality tests showed only one bi-directional causality and it was between Peshawar and Hyderabad locations. Faisalabad and Sargodha appeared independent (i.e. exogenous) market locations in price discovery process. Peshawar market showed maximum (i.e. 5) number of significant links. The generalized impulse response functions, though, suggested similar (cyclical) pattern of responses across the markets, but their time profile, which provides insight into the system's speed of convergence to long run equilibrium path, varied with different level of extent and persistency. Responses to shock originating in consumption markets (i.e. Karachi, Peshawar and Lahore) remained short lived; whereas the shocks stemming from surplus wheat producing locations (i.e Multan, Sargodha and Faisalabad) produced long and more persistent responses.
Citation - Scopus: 8
Competitiveness of Major Exporting Countries and Turkey in the World Fishery Market: A Constant Market Share Analysis
(2005) Klasra, M.A.; Klasra, Mushtaq Ahmad; Fidan, H.; Uluslararası Ticaret ve Finansman
The purpose of this study is to examine whether and to what extent the shares of selected countries' fishery exports in the world markets reflect their international competitiveness. The Constant Market Share (CMS) model, which decomposes export growth into some broad components (i.e., structural effects, market effects, commodity effects and competitive effects), is applied to examine this issue. The results of decomposition analysis revealed that structural factors have been more significant in explaining the growth of exports. The growth effects, though, appeared positive for each country, the exports of open economies like Canada, the United States, Iceland and Turkey benefited more from the growth of world exports. The analysis of commodity composition and market effects suggests that countries like Canada, the United States, Iceland and Turkey were pursuing the product differentiation policy and were penetrating in those markets, which have been growing relatively faster. These countries remained committed throughout the sample period (i.e., 1980-2000) to export their diversified products in fast-growing markets. The analysis of competitiveness effects, which are derived as a residual, show that Norway, Spain, the United States, Indonesia, Thailand, sChile and China were strong fishery exporters and increased their competitiveness during the sample period. Copyright © 2005 IAAEM.
Contemporary Change Management and Leadership in Local and International Businesses
(IGI Global, 2019) Gökmen, Aytaç; Doğru, Çağlar; 17660; Uluslararası Ticaret ve Finansman
Citation - Scopus: 2
Copyright Protection By Robust Digital Image Watermarking in Unsecured Communication Channels
(Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science, 2017) Alasafi, L.; Göksu, T.; Albayati, A.
The transition from analog technologies to digital technologies has increased the ever-growing concern for protection and authentication of digital content and data. Owners of digital content of any type are seeking and exploring new technologies for the protection of copyrighted multimedia content. Multimedia protection has become an issue in recent years, and to deal with this issue, researchers are continuously searching for and exploring new effective and efficient technologies. This thesis study has been prepared in order to increase the invisibility and durability of invisible watermarking by using the multilayer Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT) in the frequency plane and embedding two marks into an image for the purpose of authentication and copyright when digital content travels through an unsecured channel. A novel watermarking algorithm has been proposed based on five active positions and on using two marks. In addition to the extraction process, watermarking images will be subjected to a set of attack tests. The evaluation criteria have been the bases of assessing the value of SNR, PNSR, MAE and RMSE for both the watermarking images and the watermarking images after attacks, followed by the invisibility of the watermarking being measured before and after the attacks. Our lab results show high robustness and high quality images obtaining value for both SNR and PNSR. © 2017 Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science. All rights reserved.
Credit Dynamics in Turkey: An Insight Bank Loans Tendency Survey
(Bilgin Kültür Sanat Yayınları, 2018) Özşuca Erenoğlu, Ekin Ayşe; Karacagil, Zeynel; Anaz, Efecan; 237965
Citation - Scopus: 0
Culture, cross-cultural communication, and international business communication in the global context: A critical approach
(IGI Global, 2023) Gökmen, A.; Gökmen, Aytaç; 17660; Uluslararası Ticaret ve Finansman
International business communication concerns the reconciliation of businesses and products which strive to embrace both the private and government sectors of numerous countries to conduct business transactions. Yet, inter-cultural communication is used when delivering different messages among different societies while doing international business. Thus, the aim of this chapter is to define the concepts of culture, international business communication and inter-cultural communication as well as integrate them on a global scale. © 2024, IGI Global. All rights reserved.
Developments And Prospects In e–Government Implementations In Turkey
(2010) Gökmen, Aytaç; 17660; Uluslararası Ticaret ve Finansman
21st century is the age of globalization. Globalization is the process of transforming regional or local developments and phenomena into global realities. Globalization is also a process that unifies the world into a single society which is a combination of economical, social, political and technological influences. The most substantial actor in this process is the Internet and its contributions to data and knowledge procurement among the states, legal and natural persons. Moreover, Turkey is one of the leading states in the world to encourage the use of Internet and e – government implementations to integrate Turkey with that of the world and render premium services to her citizens and other related entities. The e – government which is also known as e- gov, online government or digital government, is a concept to utilize the Internet technology as a means to exchange information, provide services and transactions with citizens, business and other branches of government. Some e – government implementations both in practice and forthcoming in Turkey are e – Government Gateway, Public Sector Network, Informantions Disaster Recover System and Justice Net. It is aimed to constitute and develop knowledge society; to facilitate access to knowledge, decrease time consumption, provide better access to public services and enhance efficiency, ensure transparency and accountability, lower the costs and save sources in Turkey by e- government regulations. The aim of this study is to reveal the developments and realities of e – government in Turkey theoretically depending on comprehensive international and national publications
Citation - Scopus: 0
Digital economy: The correlation between digital technology and economic growth-an emperical application
(IGI Global, 2023) Dinç, D.; Gökmen, Aytaç; Gökmen, A.; 52039; 17660; Uluslararası Ticaret ve Finansman
The aim of this study is to explain the concept of digital economy and to examine the effect of digital technology on economic growth. In the study, the causality relationship between digital technology and economic growth in the Turkish economy for the period 2004-2021 was investigated with the Toda-Yamamoto test. As a result of the study, according to 10% significance level, bidirectional causality between internet usage-economic growth, computer usage-economic growth, and one-way causality between mobile line usage and economic growth from mobile line usage to economic growth was determined. No causal relationship was found between website ownership and economic growth in enterprises. According to the 5% significance level, a one-way causality relationship was determined from only computer and internet use to economic growth. © 2023, IGI Global. All rights reserved.
Does Financial Inclusion Affect Poverty and Income Inequality? Evidence from Emerging and Developing Economies
(Ijopec Publication, 2019) Özşuca, Ekin Ayşe; 237965
Citation - Scopus: 0
Does the incomplete information matter with export quotas?
(2006) Yazici, M.; Yazıcı, Mehmet; 144084; İktisat
This study investigates whether or not incomplete information matters when the government adopts the export quotas in intervening in the oligopolistic export markets. Incomplete information the government has is about the unit-production cost of the domestic firm. It is shown first that quotas optimal under full information (full-information policy) result in Stackelberg outcome, the best outcome in a non-cooperative setting from the domestic firm's point of view. When the full-information policy is implemented in the presence of incomplete information, it is found that no cost-type has an incentive to misrepresent itself as the other type. This means that full-information outcome will be achieved with incomplete information. Hence, incomplete information does not matter in the case of export quotas. This result, however, does not carry over to the case of more than one domestic firm. © 2006 Asian Network for Scientific Information.
Citation - WoS: 35
Citation - Scopus: 43
Dynamic linkages between renewable energy, carbon emissions and economic growth through nonlinear ARDL approach: Evidence from Iran
(Public Library Science, 2021) Karimi, M. S.; Ahmad, S.; Karamelikli, H.; Dinc, D. T.; Khan, Y. A.; Sabzehei, M. T.; Abbas, S. Z.; 52039
This study examines the relationship between economic growth, renewable energy consumption, and carbon emissions in Iran between 1975-2017, and the bounds testing approach to cointegration and the asymmetric method was used in this study. The results reveal that in the long run increase in renewable energy consumption and CO2 emissions causes an increase in real GDP per capita. Meanwhile, the decrease in renewable energy has the same effect, but GDP per capita reacts more strongly to the rise in renewable energy than the decline. Besides, in the long run, a reduction of CO2 emissions has an insignificant impact on GDP per capita. Furthermore, the results from asymmetric tests suggest that reducing CO2 emissions and renewable energy consumption do not have an essential role in decreasing growth in the short run. In contrast, an increase in renewable energy consumption and CO2 emissions do contribute to boosting the growth. These results may be attributable to the less renewable energy in the energy portfolio of Iran. Additionally, the coefficients on capital and labor are statistically significant, and we discuss the economic implications of the results and propose specific policy recommendations.
Citation - WoS: 0
Citation - Scopus: 0
Dynamics of wheat prices in the wake of market reforms: the case of Pakistan
(Springer, 2006) Klasra, MA; Klasra, Mushtaq Ahmad; Kiral, T; Uluslararası Ticaret ve Finansman
Using Autoregressive Conditional Heteroskedastic (ARCH) method, this paper examines the effects of market reforms on the distribution of real mean prices and their variability before and after reforms. It is found that market-oriented reforms benefited producers and consumers alike. Empirical evidences, generally, support theoretical assertion that mean prices decline in most urban areas and increase in those markets that are located in surplus producing areas. The results also showed that market reforms lead to more price volatility.

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