Analysing Tax Amnesties Within the Framework of Institutionsl Logic
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2024
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Osmanlı İmparatorluğunun mirası devletçi yapı, Türkiye Cumhuriyetinin kuruluş aşamasında yerini bulmuş, Osmanlıdan gelen kanunları uygularken günün şartlarına uygun olarak değiştirilmiş veya yenilenmiştir. Vergi kanunları, ekonomik koşullar ve siyasi yapıya göre yenilenirken yıllar içerisinde mükelleflerin karşılaştıkları zorlukların aşılması amaçlanmıştır. Bu çerçevede çalışmanın amacı, kurumsal mantık ışığında vergi aflarını yürürlüğe sokan Devletin bu kararları kurumsal rasyonalizm veya popülizm nedeni ile mi verdiğinin, dolayısıyla devletin kurumsal mantık değişiminin hangi nedenden dolayı olduğunun tespit edilmesidir. Bu amaç doğrultusunda, Türkiye Cumhuriyetinin 100 yıllık süre içerisinde, 40 vergi affının kanunlaşması sırasında iktidar partisi milletvekilleri tarafından söylenen ifadelerin yer aldığı meclis tutanakları, hükümetlerin vergi aflarına ilişkin popülist söylemlerinin belirlenmesi için içerik analizine tabi tutulmuş; aynı zamanda dönemlere ait olan kurumsal mantık kavramları kurumsal rasyonalizm açısından irdelenirken ilgili dönem mantıklarının ne olması gerektiği, iktidar partilerinin ekonomik anlamda nasıl hareket ettiği, dönemin adını alan ekonomik uygulamaların gerçekteki kavramla örtüşüp örtüşmediği eş zamanlı olarak değerlendirilmiştir. Bu kapsamda Cumhuriyetin ilk yıllarında vergi aflarının çıkarılmasına ilişkin mantığın devletçi mantık ile örtüştüğü ve kurumsal rasyonalizm görüldüğü; liberal ve piyasa mantığının hâkim olduğu dönemlerde vergi aflarının ilgili dönemin mantığını taşıyan popülist politikalar doğrultusunda çıkartıldığı sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Bu dönemleri takip eden dördüncü dönem mükellef odaklı piyasa mantığı olarak tanımlanmış, bu dönemde bir taraftan kurumsal rasyonelitenin etkisi diğer taraftan popülist söylemlerin mevcut olduğu tespit edilmiş, bu nedenle 'rasyonel popülizm' olarak tanımlanan hibrit bir kurumsal mantığın mevcut olduğu önerilmiştir. 2002 yılından sonraki dönemde rasyonel popülizm etkisiyle hem toplumun her kesiminin taleplerinin büyük ölçüde karşılandığı hem de ekonomi politikalarının gerekliliği olan prosedürlere uyulduğunu yansıtan ifadelerin olduğu tespit edilmiştir.
The statist structure, which was the legacy of the Ottoman Empire, found its place in the establishment phase of the Republic of Turkey, and while applying the laws from the Ottoman Empire, they were changed in accordance with the conditions of the day. While tax laws were renewed according to economic conditions and political structure, it was aimed to overcome the difficulties faced by taxpayers over the years. The aim of the study is to determine whether the State, which enacted tax amnesties, made these decisions due to institutional rationalism or populism, and the reason for the change in the institutional logic of the state. It has been concluded that in the first years of the Republic, the rationale for the enactment of tax amnesties overlapped with the statist logic and institutional rationalism was observed; while in the periods when liberal and market logic was dominant, tax amnesties were enacted in line with populist policies. The fourth period was defined as taxpayer-oriented market logic, and it was determined that in this period, the effect of institutional rationality on the one hand and populist discourses on the other hand were present, and it was suggested that there was a hybrid institutional logic defined as 'rational populism'. In the period after 2002, with the effect of rational populism, it was determined that there were statements reflecting that both the demands of all segments of the society were met to a great extent and that the procedures required by economic policies were followed.
The statist structure, which was the legacy of the Ottoman Empire, found its place in the establishment phase of the Republic of Turkey, and while applying the laws from the Ottoman Empire, they were changed in accordance with the conditions of the day. While tax laws were renewed according to economic conditions and political structure, it was aimed to overcome the difficulties faced by taxpayers over the years. The aim of the study is to determine whether the State, which enacted tax amnesties, made these decisions due to institutional rationalism or populism, and the reason for the change in the institutional logic of the state. It has been concluded that in the first years of the Republic, the rationale for the enactment of tax amnesties overlapped with the statist logic and institutional rationalism was observed; while in the periods when liberal and market logic was dominant, tax amnesties were enacted in line with populist policies. The fourth period was defined as taxpayer-oriented market logic, and it was determined that in this period, the effect of institutional rationality on the one hand and populist discourses on the other hand were present, and it was suggested that there was a hybrid institutional logic defined as 'rational populism'. In the period after 2002, with the effect of rational populism, it was determined that there were statements reflecting that both the demands of all segments of the society were met to a great extent and that the procedures required by economic policies were followed.
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İşletme, kurumsal Kuram, Kurumsal Mantık, Popülizm, Vergi Affı, Business Administration, Institutional Theory, Institutional Logic, Popülism, Tax Amnesty
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