Advanced Rheological Characterization of Asphalt Binders Modified With Eco-Friendly and Polymer-Based Additives Under Dynamic Loading

Abstract

This study explores the rheological performance of bitumen modified with a synthetic polymer (styrene-butadiene-styrene, SBS) and two environmentally sustainable additives-animal bone ash (AB) and waste cooking oil (WCO)-to enhance durability and deformation resistance under dynamic loading. Frequency sweep and linear amplitude sweep (LAS) tests were conducted to evaluate viscoelastic and fatigue behavior. SBS at 5% showed the highest elasticity and fatigue life, making it optimal for heavily trafficked pavements. Among bio-waste additives, 6% AB provided the highest stiffness and rutting resistance in laboratory tests; however, 5% AB offered a better balance between structural integrity and cracking resistance, making it more suitable for general pavement applications. WCO-modified binders demonstrated improved flexibility, with 4% WCO achieving the best balance between elasticity and softening, ideal for low-load or temperate environments. These results highlight the potential of combining synthetic and bio-based waste materials to tailor bitumen properties for sustainable and climate-responsive pavement design.