Mimarlık Bölümü Yayın Koleksiyonu

Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12416/397

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Aesthetic Assessment of Kitsch: A Reading on Bad Taste in Kant’s “Critique of Aesthetic Judgment
(2023) Urey, Zeynep Cıgdem Uysal; 18663
19. yüzyıldan sonra bir modern estetik terimi olarak ortaya çıkan kitsch kavramı, “kötü beğeni” olarak tanımlanan estetik bir değer yargısına işaret eder. Estetik yargı ve beğeni konularının sistematik olarak ilk kez 18. yüzyılda Immanuel Kant tarafından “Estetik Yargının Eleştirisi” adlı eserinde ele alındığı kabul edilmektedir. Bu çalışma, Kant'ın, “Estetik Yargının Eleştirisi” adlı eserinde sunduğu estetik yargı, beğeni ve kötü beğeni kavramlarına ilişkin argümanlarını okuyarak, bir estetik değer yargısı olan kitsch kavramını yeniden değerlendirmeye çalışmaktadır. Kitsch kavramının kötü beğeni olarak Kant'ın yazılarında izini sürmek, olabilecek kesişim veya çelişkileri ortaya koyacak ve terimin felsefi kökleri hakkında bir kavrayış sağlamak açısından önemli olacaktır. Çalışma, bu amaç doğrultusunda söylemsel bir analiz gerçekleştirmekte ve sırasıyla, bir estetik beğeni yargısı olarak kitsch kavramını; Kant'ın “Estetik Yargının Eleştirisi” eserinde ortaya koyduğu şekliyle estetik yargı ve beğeni kavramlarını; ve kitsch kavramıyla bir karşılaştırma yapmak amacıyla aynı eserde ortaya koyulan şekliyle “kötü beğeni” kavramını incelemektedir. “Estetik Yargının Eleştirisi”nde kötü beğeninin tanımını arayan inceleme, Kant'ın estetik yargıda albeni ve duygunun rolü üzerinden tasvir ettiği “kötü beğeni” koşullarının, duygusallık ve dikkat çekme arzusu temelinde kitsch'in özellikleriyle örtüştüğünü göstermektedir. Sonuç olarak, Kant'ın “Estetik Yargının Eleştirisi” adlı eseri üzerinden kötü beğeni hakkında yapılan bu okuma, duygusallık vurgusu, veya albeni ve duyguların gösterişli kullanımı bakımından, estetik bir değer yargısı olan kitsch teriminin felsefi köklerinin, terimin ortaya çıkışından çok önce var olduğunu ortaya koymaktadır.
An Architectural Response to the Duality Within Cultural Identity: Bruno Taut in Early Republican Turkey
(2018) Uysal Ürey, Zeynep Çiğdem; 18663
Citation - WoS: 3
Citation - Scopus: 4
Creation of a New Vernacular Architecture and the Attainment of Sustainability: The Case of Akyaka Town Development
(Mdpi, 2023) Urey, Zeynep Cigdem Uysal; 18663
This study problematizes a case where the interpretation of local architectural types by a designer forms a new vernacular architecture that shapes the sphere of a newly developing small town towards one that became sustainable. The house built by Nail Cakirhan for himself in Akyaka (Turkey) opens up a new future in front of the small village of then, towards becoming a touristic center with a specific architectural language of its own. Cakirhan designs his house by interpreting the traditional houses of his hometown, Ula, which is only a few kilometers away from the village of Akyaka. The design of the house initiates the formation of a unique architectural language for Akyaka, which gradually evolves into a new vernacular architecture. Since then, this invented architectural tradition has both transformed the village into a popular touristic town and also initiated a sustainable approach due to its sensitivity for the cultural and natural assets of the context. This architectural language is protected by the master development plan now, and the town is declared as a 'slow-city' due to its culturally and environmentally sensitive character. In order to portray this development, this study will first examine Cakirhan's house in relation to its referential and actual contexts, then it will observe the development of the town of Akyaka by means of looking at Cakirhan architecture in Akyaka, the master development plan of Akyaka that protects the architectural language, and the development of the town as a sustainable, slow-city. The portrayal of the architectural development of Akyaka could demonstrate how a fairly recent architectural practice can today result in the development of a sustainable and harmonious architectural environment.
Cultural Identity as a Constructed Reality and Its Reflection in Architectural Praxis: Sedat Hakkı Eldem in Early Republican Turkey
(Cambridge Scholars Publishing, 2016) Uysal Ürey, Zeynep Çiğdem; 18663
Architecture can be seen as a cultural system of signification that enables the transfer of meaning through architectural forms. As with any form of signification therefore, architecture guides our thinking and structures our thought (Hall 1993, 17). This capacity of architecture has been consciously used throughout history to convey certain messages, and was often used by political regimes as a means to communicate certain ideals. In Early Republican Turkey, we observe a similar attempt. In the pursuit of forming a new cultural identity, architecture was used as a means to reflect a modern yet national cultural identity. The integration of the modern-national duality within the definition of cultural identity was of seminal importance for the new nation-state to participate within the international system of nation-states while keeping its self-identity (Smith 1988, 20). However, this dichotomous definition eventually created its cultural tensions and a bi-polar oscillation was observed between the two poles of the modern-national duality (Ergut 1999, 32). Architecture was used in this context as a sign to resolve the cultural tensions of the social sphere by conjoining and reflecting this dual identity through solutions that involved compromise. Sedad Hakkı Eldem’s studies in the late 1930’s and early 1940’s provide a viable forum for discussing these issues in detail. In this framework, this paper will focus on the period between the late 1930’s and the early 1940’s of Early Republican Turkey and discuss respectively: the notion of “cultural identity” as a phenomenon of the modern nation-state; the cultural identity formulations of the Early Republican Turkey; the architectural praxis of the late 1930’s and the early 1940’s, and the architectural praxis of Sedat Hakki Eldem.
Citation - WoS: 1
Citation - Scopus: 2
Fostering Creative Cognition In Design Education: A Comparative Analysis Of Algorithmic And Heuristic Educational Methods In Basic Design Education
(Middle East Technical Univ, 2021) Uysal Urey, Zeynep Cigdem; 18663
This research aims to examine the impact of algorithmic and heuristic educational methods in basic design education in an attempt to see their effects on the development of the creative cognition of students. The impact of educational methods in the development of creativity and creative problem-solving ability in design education has been addressed by a limited number of studies. The impact of algorithmic and heuristic educational methods in basic design education, on the other hand, has not been studied as of yet. In order to investigate this impact, this research conducts both a systematic theoretical review and a qualitative analysis on the use of algorithmic and heuristic educational methods in basic design education. The systematic theoretical review has been conducted both in the studies of design cognition and creativity and also in the studies of design education. The qualitative analysis has been carried out in the first-year basic design studio, with an attempt of making a comparison between the impacts of algorithmic and heuristic educational methods, through a creativity assessment of projects, based on the criteria of novelty and appropriateness. The analysis was made respectively on the pre-final projects of Fall 2016-2017 semester, which was carried out by means of an algorithmic educational method, and Fall 2017-2018 semester, which was carried out in line with heuristic educational method. The results of the comparative analysis have shown that both the overall novelty levels of the projects and also the average grade values were higher in the heuristic group in comparison to the algorithmic group. These results might imply that heuristic education would affect the overall creativity levels of projects in a positive way, and the students who are instructed heuristically would be able to show more exploratory behavior, generating more novel solutions than students who were instructed algorithmically.
Kitsch and Aesthetic Appreciation: Revisiting the Opposition between Familiarity and Novelty from Kant to Cognitive Theories of Aesthetic Appreciation
(2019) Uysal Ürey, Zeynep Çiğdem; 18663
The Cognitive Use of Prior Knowledge in Design Cognition: The Role of Types and Precedents in Architectural Design
(2019) Uysal Ürey, Zeynep Çiğdem; 18663
This paper examines the cognitive use of prior knowledge in design and evaluates the role of types and precedents in architectural design and education from a cognitive perspective. Previous research on design cognition shows that the amount of prior knowledge possessed by the designer plays a fundamental role in the production and quality of the creative outcome. Prior knowledge is thought to be held by way of specific cognitive structures that are called cognitive schemas and, the role of our cognitive schemas (be it personal or cultural schemas) is portrayed as indispensable for the formation of our creative productions. Although significant efforts were made in the way of studying the use of prior knowledge in design, the correlation of types and cultural schemas has yet to be explored. This paper examines this correlation between cultural schemas, a markedly cognitive concept, and types, an architectural one, culminating in an investigation of the cognitive role of types and precedents within architectural design and education in the light of the cognitive literature. Building on that attempt, the study endeavors to conduct an interdisciplinary theoretical inquiry that respectively studies the role of prior knowledge in design cognition, the concept of cognitive-cultural schemas, the concept of type and its relationship with cultural schemas, and finally, the cognitive role of types and precedents in architectural design and education. In conclusion, this study proposes that, in terms of function, types are virtually identical to cultural schemas at the cognitive level, and types and precedents have a generative value for architectural design, by virtue of the fact that they exist as the initial cognitive schemas that are employed at the beginning of the design process.
The Sociocultural Role of Architectural Types: Cultural Sustainability in Architecture and the Possibility of Convention
(2019) Uysal Ürey, Zeynep Çiğdem; 18663
This study looks at the issue of cultural sustainability in architecture from the perspective of architectural types and attempts to question the cognitive viability of using types in the creation of a sustainable cultural milieu. The study conducts a multi-disciplinary and cross-comparative discourse analysis on the subject areas of cultural sustainability, cultural schemas and architectural types, in an attempt to find out the social and cognitive role of architectural types with regard to cultural sustainability. Examining these subject areas comparatively, the study respectively investigates the role of cultural schemas in cultural sustainability, the correlation of architectural types and cultural schemas, and the social and cognitive role of architectural types in the formation of cultural sustainability. Consequently, the study questions if the use of architectural types has a cognitive basis in the creation of a sustainable cultural milieu.

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