İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi
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Browsing İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi by Author "105587"
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Article 1915 Events, New Issues and Reconciliation Within the Framework of Persistence of Conflict and the Concept of Intractable Conflict(2017) Çoban Öztürk, Ebru; 105587There are some concrete problems, with roots in the past, that have remained unsolved between Turkish and Armenian societies. These problems have become deeper through the years and have negatively affected the relationship between the two societies, and by now have been transformed into a chronic conflict. Nevertheless, this type of conflict does not involve physical violence today, yet it has been transformed into intractable conflict with its all defining features. This study attempts to investigate the relationship between the two societies around the concept of intractable conflict and the socio-psychological foundations of it. The socio-psychological foundation of the Turkish-Armenian conflict has generated a completely new bundle of problems. For both societies to follow a positive line of relationship, a due attention should be paid not only to the concrete problems, but also to the socio-psychological repertoire of intractable conflicts and find solutions accordingly. This article will apply Daniel Bar-Tal’s method of analysis when using the concept of intractable conflict that analyzes the said socio-psychological repertoire.Article Çatışma Çözümleri ve Uzlaşma Süreçlerinde Kimlik: Suriye’de Mezhepsel Kimlikler ve Çatışma Sonrası Suriye(2022) Çoban Öztürk, Ebru; 105587Suriye çatışma çalışmaları literatüründe yer bulan önemli örneklerden birisidir. Suriye’deki olayların çok sayıda sebebi mevcut olsa da mezhepsel kimlikler, bu kimliklerle bağlantılı gelişen materyal kazanımlar ve bunun etrafında şekillenen bir çatışma döngüsü göze çarpmaktadır. Suriye’deki şiddet sona erdiğinde ya da farklı bir biçime dönüştüğünde çatışma öncesi ve sırasında olduğu gibi çatışma sonrası süreçlerde de kimlik vurgusu ve mezhepsel kimlikler, siyasi ve toplumsal hayatta yer bulmaya devam edecektir. Bu nedenle çatışma sonrası çözüm ve uzlaşma gibi süreçlerinin gerçekleştirilmesi ve bu süreçlerde kimliklerin ve kimlik dönüşümlerinin dikkate alınması gerekmektedir. Ülkede kimliklerin araçsallaştırılarak çatışma unsuru haline getirilmesinin önüne geçilmesi önem arz etmektedir. Bu süreçler ülkede hakiki anlamda barışın gelmesi ve şiddetin tekrarlanmaması için gereklidir. Çatışma çözümleri ve uzlaşma literatüründe somut çözümlerle beraber kimlik dönüşümlerinin gerçekleştirilmesi en çok bahsedilen konulardan birisidir. Bu süreçler uygun şekillerde gerçekleştirilmezlerse şiddetin belli dönemlerde tekrar eden döngüsel bir niteliğe bürünmesi sık rastlanan bir durumdur. Çalışmada Suriye’deki mezhepsel kimlikler, çatışma sonrası beklenen çözüm ve uzlaşma süreçlerinde kimliğin yeri ve kimlik dönüşümleri ile olası toplumsal uzlaşma yaklaşımlarından bahsedilecektir.Article Completing The Tribunal: ICTR’s Contributions And Deficiencies(2014) Çoban Öztürk, Ebru; 105587The International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda (ICTR) is an ad hoc tribunal of great significance in terms of international law. The court has completed nearly its twentieth year, while it has been decided to terminate its mission at the end of 2014 after completing its proceedings, since it is an ad hoc tribunal. Concordantly, the judicial power and the ongoing cases will be assigned to national courts and to the Residual Mechanism for Criminal Tribunals, which has been newly established. The Tribunal has left behind many contributions and addressed by some criticisms while coming to an end. The Tribunal, which has numerous contributions to international law, criminal proceedings, regional peace, perception of justice, rule of law, and universal values, deals also with criticisms on issues such as functioning, powers of prosecution, and its limited coverage in terms of region and time span. The contributions of this Tribunal, which is coming to the end of its mission, to international law and reconciliation shall be presented in this study. Then, an overall evaluation of criticisms addressed to the Tribunal and the legal system related with the atrocities in Rwanda.Book Modern Devlet Biyoiktidar Soykırım Ruanda Örneği(Adres Yayınları, 2010) Çoban Öztürk, Ebru; 105587Article National Identity and the Role of Diaspora: A Constructivist Approach to TurkishArmenian Relations(2015) Çoban Öztürk, Ebru; 105587Armenia and Turkey are the two countries which couldn’t develop a stable and peaceful foreign policy and bilateral relations by sticking in their pasts. Any commercial, political and diplomatic initiatives would be substantial and sufficient for many countries, but not for these two. Bilateral relations are carried on statically and stay on the plane of 1915 events without any improvement. Both of the countries have different approaches and claims regarding the events of 1915, thus reconciliation seems unlikely. They have both built their national identities on the sad events of their past and carry on their foreign policies accordingly. Diaspora has been involved in this identity building process at the Armenian side. The constructivist theory explains the extent of established identities’ influence on foreign policy actors. The existing national identities already built are in a position obstructing bilateral relations and leading to an exclusionary approach in the foreign policies of Turkey and Armenia. It may be important for both sides to build new identities toward each other to establish a peaceful and long-term communication in addition to concrete initiatives and steps in terms of political, commercial, and diplomatic affairs.Article Ruanda’da Soykırım Siyaseti, Uzlaşma ve Uzlaşma Yaklaşımları(2022) Öztürk, Ebru Çoban; 105587Ruanda’da halkın kitlesel katılımıyla acımasız soykırım eylemleri gerçekleşmiştir. Ülkede şiddet döngüsel olarak devam ettiğinden şiddetin tekrar yaşanmaması için çatışma çözümü ve uzlaşma süreçleri gereklidir. Ancak ülkede yürütüldüğü iddia edilen uzlaşma süreci yerini soykırım siyasetine bırakmıştır. Hükümet uluslararası toplumun da desteğiyle iktisadi ve siyasi reformlar yapmış, çatışma çözümü ve uzlaşma yaklaşımlarını da uygulamaya başlamıştır. Fakat uygulanan politikalar, uzlaşmadan uzak, otoriteryen ve soykırımı kendi meşruiyeti için araçsallaştıran bir şekle bürünmüştür. Soykırım hem diğer mağdur grupların dışlanması hem de Tutsi hükümetinin devamlılığını ve baskıcı politikalarını meşrulaştırmak için kullanılmaya başlanmıştır. Devlet tekelinde ve katılımın zorunlu olduğu soykırım anma törenleri, sadece Tutsilerin mağdur kabul edildiği seçilmiş mağduriyet temelli bir resmi tarih yazılması, etnik kimliklerin kullanımının yasaklanması, zorunlu eğitim kampları, hafif sayılabilecek suçları dahi soykırım sayan ve adaleti sağlayamayan yerel mahkemelerin varlığı uzlaşma yerine soykırım siyaseti yürütüldüğünü göstermektedir. Hükümet medyayı, siyaseti ve yerel idari birimleri kontrol altına alarak, ülkedeki yaygın idari gözetim mekanizmasının yardımıyla kendi iktidarını meşrulaştırma aracı olarak soykırımı kullanır hale gelmiş, uzlaşma politikaları hakiki anlamda uzlaşmayı engeller bir şekle bürünmüştür. Çalışmada, Ruanda’da soykırım siyasetinin nasıl yürütüldüğü, bu siyasetin toplumsal uzlaşmadaki ve şiddet döngüsünü engellemedeki olumsuz rolü aktarılacaktır.Article Sectarian Identity and Reconciliation in Post-Conflict Syria: Survey Research among Syrian Migrants(2022) Çoban Öztürk, Ebru; 105587The conflict in Syrian sectarianized promptly. To have a factual base for intensifying sectarianism, a survey research was conducted with Syrian migrants. Key insights were utilized in the evaluation of research findings in terms of persistence of sectarianism, sectarian identity, sectarian leadership, and reconciliation in the post-conflict Syria. However, an emphasis on sectarianism in the functioning of state or in the society denies the essence of resolution and reconciliation. In the future of Syria, the effective peace settlements and reconciliation will need to diminish the divisive role of sectarianism to prevent a cycle of violence. Constructivist approach may offer insights.Book Part Sorunlar ve Yeni Kavramlar: 1915 Olayları, Çözülemeyen/ İnatçı Çatışma Kavramı ve Farklı Uzlaşma Arayışları(Terazi Yayıncılık, 2019) Çoban Öztürk, Ebru; 105587Article Citation - WoS: 1Citation - Scopus: 1The crime of genocide in international law and underlying social structures of the crime: Rwanda case(Uluslararasi Iliskiler Konseyi dernegi, 2008) Coban, Ebru; 105587Genocide is a crime which is defined under international law in the twentieth century and could not come about without the ideological, bureaucratic power of a modern state with its sanctions and modern discourses on identities and modern classifications. With a non-modern picture but with modem techniques of governing Rwanda was a place that genocidal killings occurred and is a place of a breaking case for modem theories. Rwanda has modern state characteristics in terms of monopoly of use of violence, giving orders and providing obedience of its people, surveillance, classification and registration of its people, and keeping discourses. Moreover, Rwandan culture that gives great importance to obedience and Rwandan geography that is so suitable to surveillance become additional factors. In that sense, Rwandan governments could influence to daily life of the people even to the smallest details of anyone. All factors provided a suitable base for the crime of genocide.Article The International criminal court jurisdiction and the concept of sovereignty(2014) Öztürk Çoban, Ebru; 105587The necessity of prosecution of major crimes committed against individuals or groups has become a common opinion today due to the increasing importance attached to the concept of human rights. The international community demands punishing those individuals committed major international crimes regardless of their duties and powers. The International Criminal Court has become the indicator and the outcome of this demand. It is a development welcomed by the majority of the international community in terms of an idealistic approach. However, there are debates on the jurisdiction of the International Criminal Court. The powers of the Court superseding national jurisdiction and challenging the concept of national sovereignty are the most discussed ongoing issues in particular. The existing jurisdiction of the Court as well as the criticism of this jurisdiction will be discussed in this study.
