Uluslararası Ticaret Bölümü Yayın Koleksiyonu

Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12416/401

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Citation - WoS: 0
Citation - Scopus: 0
At the convergence of energy corridors: energy situation in Turkey and a critical evaluation with Porter's model
(Igi Global, 2017) Gökmen, Aytaç; Gokmen, Aytac; Nakip, Mahir; Nakip, Mahir; 17660; 118963; Uluslararası Ticaret ve Finansman
Turkey is at the threshold of Eurasia connecting various energy corridors. It has an improving economic volume and is one of the 20 largest economies in the world. Energy and economic development are highly correlated. Turkey is dependent on imported energy. In order to keep up with the economic expansion, the energy requirements of Turkey must be met in a diversified, timely and reliable way. Thus, the aim of this paper is to define the geographic disposition of Turkey at the convergence of energy lines, review its energy situation comprehensively and make critical evaluations on energy and economy related issues, also with using the diamond model developed by Michael E. Porter resting on credible national and international publications and data.
Balanced Scorecard (Dengeli Başarı Göstergesi): Bsc Oluşturma Süreci Ve Uygulama Yöntemi
(2009) Gökmen, Aytaç; 17660; Uluslararası Ticaret ve Finansman
Zamanımız işletmeleri oldukça yoğun bir rekabetin bulunduğu bir çevrede uğraşılarına devam etmektedirler. Rekabetin bu denli belirleyici olduğu bir çevrede işletmelerin amaçlarını belirlemeleri ve bu amaçlarına ulaşacak politikalar geliştirmeleri güç olmaktadır. Geçmişte işletmeler başarı göstergesi olarak büyük çoğunlukla mali göstergeleri kullanmalarına rağmen artık, tek başına mali göstergeler yeterli olmamaktadır. Bu anlamda, işletmelerin uygun faaliyet politikalarını belirlemeleri için geliştirilen bir çözüm Balanced Scorecard (BSC)' dır. BSC işletmelerin amaç ve stratejilerini soyut ve somut göstergelere dönüştürmelerini ve işletmenin geleceğe dönük uğraşıları ve performansları daha iyi değerlendirdikleri bir yöntemdir. BSC mali göstergelerin yanında müşteri ilişkileri, içsel göstergeler (süreç planlama, üretim, pazarlama, istihdam gibi iç çevre etkenleri) ve de yeni bilginin işletme içinde edinilmesi, dağılımı ve kullanılması demek olan yenilik ve öğrenme ile ilgili göstergeleri de dikkate alarak işletmelerde kapsamlı bir denetim aracı halini almıştır. Bu çalışmada hedef, BSC kavramını yeniden değerlendirmek ve BSCnin oluşturulması ile uygulanmasına ait kavramsal bir modeli güvenilir uluslararası kaynaklara dayanarak ortaya koymaktır.
Born Global Firms: A Foreign Trade Related Study on Turkey
(2013) Gökmen, Aytaç; Temiz, Dilek; 17660; 52039; Uluslararası Ticaret ve Finansman
With the comprehensive advent in information and communication technologies and worldwide ease of transportation, the volume of international trade and business increased profoundly. Within this process, a Born Global Firm (BGF), right from its initiation, aims at creating competitive advantage by marketing a large volume of its products in various international markets by utilizing technological advances. Therefore, the rational behind the idea of BGF is to become an international firm in a short period of time and making international business affairs core of its business activities. Thus, the aim of this study is to review the concept of BGF theoretically and relate the issue to foreign trade affairs resting on significant sources related to the Turkish case mainly focusing on trade statistics as to review the potential development of BGFs in Turkey.
Contemporary Change Management and Leadership in Local and International Businesses
(IGI Global, 2019) Gökmen, Aytaç; Doğru, Çağlar; 17660; Uluslararası Ticaret ve Finansman
Citation - Scopus: 0
Culture, cross-cultural communication, and international business communication in the global context: A critical approach
(IGI Global, 2023) Gökmen, A.; Gökmen, Aytaç; 17660; Uluslararası Ticaret ve Finansman
International business communication concerns the reconciliation of businesses and products which strive to embrace both the private and government sectors of numerous countries to conduct business transactions. Yet, inter-cultural communication is used when delivering different messages among different societies while doing international business. Thus, the aim of this chapter is to define the concepts of culture, international business communication and inter-cultural communication as well as integrate them on a global scale. © 2024, IGI Global. All rights reserved.
Developments And Prospects In e–Government Implementations In Turkey
(2010) Gökmen, Aytaç; 17660; Uluslararası Ticaret ve Finansman
21st century is the age of globalization. Globalization is the process of transforming regional or local developments and phenomena into global realities. Globalization is also a process that unifies the world into a single society which is a combination of economical, social, political and technological influences. The most substantial actor in this process is the Internet and its contributions to data and knowledge procurement among the states, legal and natural persons. Moreover, Turkey is one of the leading states in the world to encourage the use of Internet and e – government implementations to integrate Turkey with that of the world and render premium services to her citizens and other related entities. The e – government which is also known as e- gov, online government or digital government, is a concept to utilize the Internet technology as a means to exchange information, provide services and transactions with citizens, business and other branches of government. Some e – government implementations both in practice and forthcoming in Turkey are e – Government Gateway, Public Sector Network, Informantions Disaster Recover System and Justice Net. It is aimed to constitute and develop knowledge society; to facilitate access to knowledge, decrease time consumption, provide better access to public services and enhance efficiency, ensure transparency and accountability, lower the costs and save sources in Turkey by e- government regulations. The aim of this study is to reveal the developments and realities of e – government in Turkey theoretically depending on comprehensive international and national publications
Citation - Scopus: 0
Digital economy: The correlation between digital technology and economic growth-an emperical application
(IGI Global, 2023) Dinç, D.; Gökmen, Aytaç; Gökmen, A.; 52039; 17660; Uluslararası Ticaret ve Finansman
The aim of this study is to explain the concept of digital economy and to examine the effect of digital technology on economic growth. In the study, the causality relationship between digital technology and economic growth in the Turkish economy for the period 2004-2021 was investigated with the Toda-Yamamoto test. As a result of the study, according to 10% significance level, bidirectional causality between internet usage-economic growth, computer usage-economic growth, and one-way causality between mobile line usage and economic growth from mobile line usage to economic growth was determined. No causal relationship was found between website ownership and economic growth in enterprises. According to the 5% significance level, a one-way causality relationship was determined from only computer and internet use to economic growth. © 2023, IGI Global. All rights reserved.
Citation - Scopus: 14
Export-led economic growth and the case of Brazil: An empirical research
(Routledge, 2019) Temiz Dinç, D.; Gökmen, Aytaç; Gökmen, A.; 52039; 17660; Uluslararası Ticaret ve Finansman
The world has been globalized much more than ever before and this process integrates the economies of countries. Moreover, one means of integrating the economies of countries is trade. In this instance, the export-led economic growth emerges as a considerable determinant. Export-led economic growth is beneficial for the countries since it facilitates the inflow of foreign exchange, increases production, creates new employment opportunities and enhances the overall commercial volume. In this study, the correlation between export-led economic growth is explored for Brazil. Therefore, according to the findings of this paper as well as econometric and statistical applications, there is a bi-directional causality in Brazil since 1960s between economic development and exports in the long-run (this could also be termed as feedback); furthermore, in the short-run, there is export-led economic growth. The novelty of this paper is that, it is one of the latest studies investigating export-led economic growth for Brazil. © 2019, © 2019 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.
Fdı Inflow And Operatıons Of Multı Natıonal Enterprıses & Prıvatızatıon Polıcıes Of Turkey: The Effect Of The Process On The Performance Of The Turkısh Economy
(2012) Gökmen, Aytaç; Temiz, Dilek; 52039; 17660; Uluslararası Ticaret ve Finansman
Mal ve sermaye akışı özellikle II. Dünya Savaşı'nın sona ermesi ile hızlanmış, doğrudan yabancı sermaye (DYS) yatırımlarının birikimini ve bununla birlikte dünyanın pek çok yerinde de çokuluslu işletmelerin (ÇUİŞ) uğraşılarının artmasını kolaylaştırmıştır. Ancak, DYS yatırımlarının önemli bir devinim kazanması 1980'ler sonrasında olmuştur. DYS yatırımlarının özellikle gelişmiş ülkelerden gelişen ülkelere akması bilgi, teknik beceri, teknoloji, finansal sermaye ve insan kaynağı aktarımını kolaylaştırmış ve de ülkelerin iktisaden gelişmesine ve kalkınmasına katkıda bulunmuştur. Türkiye açısındansa, DYS yatırımları 1980 öncesi çok önem kazanamamış, 1990'lar sonrası artmaya başlamış ve ancak 2000'ler sonrası özelleştirme uygulamaları ile tepe yapmıştır. Türkiye'de DYS politikaları ve özelleştirme, 2002 yılı sonbaharında Adalet ve Kalkınma Partisi (AKP) Hükümeti'nin iktidara gelmesi ile büyük önem kazanmıştır. Türkiye'de birçok çevre AKP'nin DYS ve özelleştirme politikalarının başarılı olduğunu iddia etmektedir. Ancak, çeşitli makroekonomik değerler göz önüne alındığında AKP'nin özelleştirme politikalarının Türkiye Cumhuriyeti'nin ekonomik gücü ve bağımsızlığı açısından bir başarısızlık olduğu söylenebilir. Dolayısı ile, bu çalışmanın amacı DYS kuramı üzerinde durarak, Türkiye'nin DYS ve özelleştirme politikalarını eleştirel açıdan tenkit etmek ve bu konudaki AKP politikalarının başarısızlığını ortaya koymaktır
Citation - WoS: 59
Citation - Scopus: 74
FDI inflow as an international business operation by MNCs and economic growth: an empirical study on Turkey
(Elsevier Science Bv, 2014) Temiz, Dilek; Temiz, Dilek; Gokmen, Aytac; Gökmen, Aytaç; 52039; 17660; Uluslararası Ticaret ve Finansman
The issue of foreign direct investment (FDI) has been affecting the world economy for years and is a considerable subject for both developed and developing countries. FDI is the fixed form of international business operation made across the national borders made mostly by the multi national corporations (MNCs). The positive impact of FDI inflow in a host country is expected to emerge as capital accumulation, technology transfer, know-how acquisition, innovative capacity and economic growth eventually. In this study, it is aimed to address the FDI literature depending on comprehensive international publications and then to analyze the FDI inflow and GDP growth in Turkey with econometric methods. The relation between FDI inflow and GDP growth is analyzed by using the Johansen cointegration test and Granger causality analysis. Afterwards, a regression equation is estimated by using the ordinary least squares method (OLS). Prior to applying the Cointegration test, the stationarity and integration degrees of the series are determined by the augmented Dickey-Fuller test (ADF). Consequently, resting on the results of entire analysis, it is possible to mention that no significant relation is determined between the FDI inflow and GDP growth in Turkey both in the short and long run. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Foreign direct investment & its correlation to economics: The case of Brazil
(2019) Gökmen, Aytaç; Gökmen, Aytaç; 52039; 17660; Uluslararası Ticaret ve Finansman
Capital accumulation is the first and foremost important factor to induce economic growth and development in a country. Yet, not every country in the world is bestowed with abundant capital. Thus, in this instance foreign direct investment (FDI) emerges as a good option to supply the necessary amount of capital to countries which are deprived of the necessary capital stock. Moreover, FDI, besides being a catalyst of economic development, is a significant means of transferring technology, knowledge, managerial know-how and constitutes new potentials to create employment opportunities, increase the production volume and enhance the foreign trade balance. Furthermore, the impact of FDI inflow on the economic growth is researched in this paper for Brazil by means of utilizing various econometric methods for the period of 1970–2017. According to the results of this study there is no positive causality between economic growth and FDI inflow in the short-run. Yet, there is a positive and significant causality between FDI inflow and economic growth in the long-run as well as this stems from the fact that investments lead to positive results gradually in the long-term which also means that investments shall be converted into production as much as possible. Moreover, the novelty of this paper is that it is one of the most up-to-date studies to research FDI–economic growth correlation on Brazil in the literature.
Citation - Scopus: 4
Foreign Direct Investment & Its Correlation to Economics: The case of Brazil
(Routledge, 2019) Dinç, D.T.; Gökmen, Aytaç; Gökmen, A.; 52039; 17660; Uluslararası Ticaret ve Finansman
Capital accumulation is the first and foremost important factor to induce economic growth and development in a country. Yet, not every country in the world is bestowed with abundant capital. Thus, in this instance foreign direct investment (FDI) emerges as a good option to supply the necessary amount of capital to countries which are deprived of the necessary capital stock. Moreover, FDI, besides being a catalyst of economic development, is a significant means of transferring technology, knowledge, managerial know-how and constitutes new potentials to create employment opportunities, increase the production volume and enhance the foreign trade balance. Furthermore, the impact of FDI inflow on the economic growth is researched in this paper for Brazil by means of utilizing various econometric methods for the period of 1970–2017. According to the results of this study there is no positive causality between economic growth and FDI inflow in the short-run. Yet, there is a positive and significant causality between FDI inflow and economic growth in the long-run as well as this stems from the fact that investments lead to positive results gradually in the long-term which also means that investments shall be converted into production as much as possible. Moreover, the novelty of this paper is that it is one of the most up-to-date studies to research FDI–economic growth correlation on Brazil in the literature. © 2019, © 2019 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.
Citation - Scopus: 10
Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) and Export Relation in Turkey: 1991–2010
(2011) Temiz, Dilek; Temiz, D.; Gökmen, A.; Gökmen, Aytaç; 17660; 52039; Uluslararası Ticaret ve Finansman
Foreign direct investment (FDI) is an important element in development of economic power with regard to growth. FDI is an efficient tool to transfer new technologies, managerial skills, knowledge, capital flow and so on. On the other hand, exportation is another means to integrate the economy of a country with that of the world and secure economic growth as well enhancing economic advantages. In this article, we attempt to research the relationship between FDI and export. The article begins with the definition of FDI theory, explains the motives fostering FDI, FDI and Turkey, FDI and export relation theoretically, and concludes with an empirical analysis of FDI and export in Turkey. The empirical research investigates the relationship between export and FDI by using monthly time series data for the Turkish economy over the period from December 1991 to October 2010. The study applies of the following econometric techniques: unit root test, Johansen cointegration test, vector error correction model (VECM), and Granger causality test. The cointegration analysis suggests long-run equilibrium relationship between the examined variables. The results of the Granger causality test showed a causal relationship between these variables. The causality results are consistent with the results reported by the vector error correction model (VECM). © Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.
Citation - Scopus: 5
Foreign Direct Investment and Its Impact on Economic Performance: The Case of Turkey and Nigeria
(Routledge, 2015) Temiz, Dilek; Temiz, D.; Gökmen, A.; Gökmen, Aytaç; Abubakar, M.S.; 52039; 17660; Uluslararası Ticaret ve Finansman
Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) has been affecting global business affairs for decades. A country, whether developed or developing, necessitates more FDI entry than other countries because the FDI inflow may bring certain advantages such as capital accumulation, knowledge, know-how transfer, and obtainment of updated technology. Thus, the entry of FDI into a host country is expected to reveal positive aftermaths. The objective of this study is to analyze the impact of FDI entry into Nigeria and Turkey for the years 1970–2012 by using econometric methods such as VAR, VECM, unit root test, cointegration test, causality test, impulse-response functions, and variance decomposition. As a result, it was estimated that there is no positive impact of FDI entry on economic growth in Nigeria and in Turkey. © 2015, Copyright © Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.
Citation - Scopus: 0
Foreign direct investment in the cement industry of Turkey: Overall contribution by multinational businesses and potential impacts on the economy
(IGI Global, 2015) Gökmen, A.; Gökmen, Aytaç; 17660; Uluslararası Ticaret ve Finansman
The cement sector contributes to the development of the GDP and also the creation of employment opportunities in Turkey. The cement production is made of 100% national inputs and it is exported to 90 countries in the world. Additionally, it attracted an important portion of foreign direct investment (FDI) by means of the privatization operations. However, despite its importance, the cement sector of Turkey is very fragile, especially in times of global crisis and economic downturns. Eventually, the aim of this chapter is to review the cement sector of Turkey, analyze the foreign participation and work out its overall contribution to the entire economic capacity of Turkey depending on credible national and international publications. © 2015, IGI Global.
Fresh Fruit and Vegetable Exportation of Turkey and its Contribution to the Economic Growth
(2018) Gökmen, Aytaç; Gökmen, Aytaç; Soygür, Seda; 52039; 17660; Uluslararası Ticaret ve Finansman
Economic growth is indispensable for the development of a country and welfare of its citizens. Economic activities can be improved with the enhancement of business sectors within its structure. Furthermore, exportation is a substantial means of reinforcing economic growth. In this research, the correlation between the fresh fruit & vegetable exportation and the economic growth of the Republic of Turkey is examined. Certain econometric methods as Augmented Dickey Fuller (ADF) test, Unit Root test, Phillips-Perron (PP) Unit Root test, Kwiatkowski, Phillips, Schmidt, Shin (KPSS) Unit Root test, Vector Auto-regression Analysis (VAR), Co-integration Analysis, Error Correction Model (VECM), Impulse-response Functions and Variance Decomposition Analysis are employed to research the correlation for the 2004 Q1-2015 Q4 period. It was concluded that the exportation of fresh fruits and vegetables have a favorable contribution to the economic growth of the Republic of Turkey in the long-run.
Global sourcing: a theoretical study in Turkey
(2010) Gökmen, Aytaç; 17660; Uluslararası Ticaret ve Finansman
Global sourcing is to source from the global market for goods and services across national boundaries in order to take advantage of the global efficiencies in the delivery of a product or service. Such efficiencies are consists of low cost skilled labor, low cost raw materials and other economic factors like tax breaks and deductions as well as low trade tariffs. When we assess the case regarding to Turkey, global sourcing is an effective device for some firms. The domestic firms in Turkey at various industries are inclined to global source finished or intermediate goods from the world markets, finish the production process in Turkey and export. Eventually, on the one hand the export volume of Turkey increases, but on the other hand the import of a considerable volume of finished or intermediate goods bring about a negative trade balance and loss of jobs in Turkey. Therefore, the objective of this study is to assess the concept of global sourcing transactions on Turkey resting on comprehensive publications
Intercultural Negotiations in Global Business: A Contemporary and Comprehensive Literature Review
(2019) Gökmen, Aytaç; 17660; Uluslararası Ticaret ve Finansman
The world has globalized much more than ever before and businessmen from different geographies do business with each other. Globalization refers to ongoing integration and interconnectedness of the global affairs as well as declining trade barriers. The more the trade barriers decrease, the more the world is globalized and businessmen from different nations and cultures do business. The aim of this article is to analyze the global business negotiations with respect to a cultural framework and propose a negotiation process to do and finalize global negotiations resting on credible international publications. Moreover, the aim of this article is to reflect an overview of global business negotiations based on cultural context and present an overview of it.
Citation - Scopus: 0
International business initiatives of the Turkish enterprises in global trade: The case of outsourcing
(IGI global, 2016) Gökmen, A.; Gökmen, Aytaç; 17660; Uluslararası Ticaret ve Finansman
The amount of trade and international business volume in the world has amounted considerably as a result of the fast moving globalization and declining borders especially after the 1990s. International business and trade are important tools for countries and enterprises to increase their volumes of production and commerce as well as enhance employment, increase the national income and raise revenue for enterprises to make further investments. Turkey is located at the threshold of Europe and Asia, consolidating East and West, and North and South at the convergence of various trade routes. However, despite of being close to various countries, a great deal of Turkey’s export potential is focused on the EU and developed countries. However, the production means in Turkey are not adequate, so it imports factors of production from abroad by way of international business operations. Thus, the aim of this study is to review the theory of globalization, international business, firm internationalization process of businesses, impact direction of multinational businesses as well as the commercial operations of the Turkish enterprises, real and commercial abilities of the Turkish firms and international business activities on the global basis; compare this to its entire trade volume and propose comments on these issues resting on credible national and international publications and figures. © 2016 by IGI Global.
Internatıonal Businesses & Impacts on the Defense Industry of Turkey
(LAP LAMBERT Academic Publishing, 2013) Gökmen, Aytaç; 17660; Uluslararası Ticaret ve Finansman
International business is one of the considerable issues in business studies and has impact in almost every aspects of life. Turkey is located at the convergence of Europe and Asia as well as neighbors to some disputed countries in her region. That’s why, she must have a strong and modern military power to remain sound. However, military research and manufacturing are costly issues that require cooperation with various agencies. Therefore, the Republic of Turkey has cooperation with many national and especially international businesses in order to take advantage of contemporary knowledge, technology and know-how. Thus, the objective of this study is to review a general literature on international business, development of the Turkish Defence Industry, cooperation with international businesses and the effect of this process on the economy.

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