Şehir ve Bölge Planlama Bölümü
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Article 1999 Depremlerinin Ardından Planlama Mevzuatı Üzerine Bir Değerlendirme(2022) Orhan, Ezgi; 34038Ülkenin nüfusu en yüksek, en kentleşmiş ve sanayileşmiş bölgesi olan Marmara Bölgesi’nde yaşanan 1999 Depremlerinin ardından geniş ölçekli iyileştirme çalışmaları başlatılmış, merkezi ve yerel yönetimlerin yanı sıra pek çok kurum ve sivil toplum bu çalışmaların parçası haline gelmiştir. Ancak, 1999 Depremlerinin yıkıcı etkileri karşısında afet politikalarını yönlendiren yasal çerçevenin kısıtlılığı anlaşıldığından bu alanda önemli adımlar atılmıştır. Öte yandan, uluslararası düzeyde risk yönetimini benimseyen bir yaklaşım gelişmesi, ülkeleri afet yönetimlerini biçimlendiren politikalarını ve yasal düzenlemelerini gözden geçirmeleri gerekliliğini tetiklemiştir. Bu ihtiyaçtan hareketle çalışma, ülkemizdeki afet politikalarını şekillendiren mevzuatı ve süreç içindeki değişimlerini mekansal planlamayı nasıl yönlendirdiğini incelemektedir. Risk azaltma amacıyla son 20 yılda kentsel planlama mevzuatına eklenen yasal düzenlemelerin neler olduğu, amaç ve kapsamları ele alınmıştır. Bu doğrultuda, 5393 sayılı “Belediye Yasası”nın 73. Maddesi, 5366 sayılı “Yıpranan Tarihi ve Kültürel Taşınmaz Varlıkların Yenilenerek Korunması ve Yaşatılarak Kullanılması Hakkında Kanun”, 6306 sayılı “Afet Riski Altındaki Alanların Dönüştürülmesi Hakkında Kanun” ve 3194 Sayılı “İmar Kanununun Geçici 16. Maddesi (İmar Barışı)” kentsel riskleri azaltma politikalarını biçimlendiren ana düzenlemeler olup, çalışma kapsamında değerlendirilmiştir. Bu çalışma, yıkım gören alanların iyileştirilmesinin yanı sıra kentsel riskleri azaltma amacıyla oluşturulan yasal düzenlemelerin uygulanmasına ilişkin sorunlar ve eleştirileri ortaya koymaktadırArticle A Housing Satisfaction Study in an Area of Urban Transformation: The Case of the Turk-is Apartment Blocks(Yıldız Technical Unıv, Fac Architecture, 2017) Kahraman, Zerrin Ezgi; Özdemir, Suna Senem; 50343; 25219This study investigated the housing satisfaction and the urban transformation expectations in the Turk-is Blocks, built by a labor cooperative in the Altinpark neighborhood of Altindag, Ankara. The area was declared "risky" in 2013. A survey and in-depth interviews were conducted to examine the satisfaction of residents with housing and their expectations of urban transformation. The results revealed that a large number of the respondents were satisfied with their houses and living environment. Satisfaction increased with duration of time living in the area and age. Over time, the homogenous and stable population in the area has reorganized their houses according to their needs and established a spatial, social, and emotional connection to their neighborhood. The strengths of the area include its neighborhood identity, close social relations, accessibility, and sufficiency of urban services and green areas. Areas of dissatisfaction included insufficient indoor installations, cultural/sports facilities, and security and parking lot problems. Most residents did not support urban transformation plans; however, those who do support the idea have high expectations of the process. With the condition of maintaining their current spatial rights, many perceived urban transformation as a solution to the problems of the area and indicated that their economic status has improved and that life has become more luxurious and comfortable.Book Part A New Framework for a Resilience-Based Disaster Risk Management(2021) Galderisi, Adriana; Altay Kaya, Deniz; 54723This chapter aims at providing hints to improve existing frameworks for disaster risk management based on a review of the main documents framing disaster management within the last two and a half decades and with reference to the potential contribution of resilience thinking. The evolution path of disaster risk management shows that, although some progresses have been made, there are still numerous gaps to be filled. On the opposite, focusing on the increasing convergence of resilience and disaster studies, it emerges that a resilience-based approach could still provide significant theoretical and operational inputs towards an improved disaster risk management. In particular, this chapter emphasizes the potential contribution of resilience thinking in developing a new framework for guiding disaster risk management capable of (1) taking into consideration the rapidly changing risk landscapes due to the interplay between climate change and the consequent increase of hazardous events, urbanization patterns and the complex interrelationships among them; (2) shifting from sectoral approaches to disaster risk reduction (DRR) towards integrated approaches and cross-sectoral strategies and tools; (3) embracing transformational perspectives to significantly reduce disaster losses and achieve sustainability goals; (4) improving learning capacity through the setting up of continual learning processes; (5) emphasizing the role of spatial and land use planning for DRR; and (6) developing more innovative governance models based on collaboration, shared responsibility and active engagement of the stakeholders.Book Part A New Route for Regional Planning in Turkey: Recent Developments(Springer, 2019) Özdemir, Suna Senem; 25219Since the 1930s, regional plans have been drawn up for various regions in Turkey. However, the institutional practice of regional development policy as well as regional planning began with the establishment of the State Planning Organisation in 1960. After the 1960s, through Five-Year National Development Plans, a regional development policy was defined, and regional development plans were formulated for some specific regions. In practice, there were some challenges and problems during that period in regional planning. The shift in the regional development policy and regional planning began in 1999 with Turkey’s accession period to the European Union. For adaptation to the EU’s regional policy, some new policies, legislation, and institutional set-ups were defined. This chapter mainly focuses on these new policies and instruments, namely the new route taken by regional planning in Turkey.Article Afet Sakınımında Özel Gereksinimli Bireyler için Geliştirilecek Mekansal Planlama İlkeleri(2019) Orhan, Ezgi; Keskinok, H. Çağatay; 34038This study highlights the need to develop spatial planning principles in order to increase the resilience of vulnerable groups within the social structure. The social groups that show heterogeneity in the urban area due to demographic, economic, cultural and similar reasons also differ in terms of their vulnerability against disasters. In the literature, vulnerable groups show disparities with respect to their location choices in urban areas, physical conditions of individuals and their participation in social life. Although planning discipline has general expressions and approaches for risk reduction of the groups showing vulnerability based on their location choices, the issue of developing concrete solutions in planning principles and spatial decisions remains uncertain for groups that are vulnerable due to their physical conditions and social divergence. Therefore, the aim of the study is to present a holistic planning framework that takes into account the vulnerable groups challenged by physical conditions such as elderly, children, those with special medical needs and of the disabled individuals, and the groups confronting with social distances such as migrants, tourists and homeless people. The focus of the study is on spatial strategies concerning the disaster mitigation of the vulnerable groups showing special needs, rather than dealing with the post-disaster situations of the targeted individuals and groups.Article Afet Sonrası Hanehalklarının Yer Seçim Kararları ve Kentsel Dirençlilik: Değirmendere Örneği(2019) Orhan, Ezgi; Keskinok, Çağatay; 34038Bu çalışma ile, afetlerin hemen sonrasında acil durum koşullarında hanehalklarının afet bölgesinde kalma veya alanı terk etme kararlarının kentsel dirençliliğin inşasında önemli bir unsur olarak görülmektedir. Bu çalışmanın amacı, afete maruz yerleşimlerde yaşayanların afetin hemen sonrasında yer seçim kararlarını ve beklentilerini irdeleyerek kentsel dirençlilik üzerine bir tartışma yürütmektir. Çalışma, 1999 Depremi’nin etkilerinin yoğun olarak görüldüğü Değirmendere kenti örneğinde afeti yaşamış hanehalklarını temel almaktadır. Çalışmada, Orta Doğu Teknik Üniversitesi Şehir ve Bölge Planlama Bölümü 1999-2000 ders yılı 2. sınıf Planlama Stüdyosu’nda yürütülmüş olan Değirmendere Planlama Projesi kapsamında gerçekleştirilmiş hanehalkı anketlerinden yararlanılmıştır. Depremin hemen ardından Ekim 1999 tarihinde çadırkentlerde ve yerleşik konut alanlarında yaşayan toplam 490 hanehalkına uygulanan anket çalışması stüdyo projelerinin bir parçası olarak saha araştırması yoluyla elde edilmiştir. Anketlerde afete maruz kalmış nüfusun genel demografik niteliklerinin yanı sıra hasar düzeyi, alınan yardım türü ve taşınma istekleri sorgulanmış, yanıtların betimsel istatistikleri çıkarılmıştır; ancak çalışmanın yapıldığı dönemin koşulları göz önüne alındığında afetzedelerin anket sorularının tamamını yanıtlayamadığı görülmektedir. Nüfusun yaklaşık % 10’luk büyüklüğüne ulaşan bir örneklemde uygulanan anket çalışmalarında tespit edilen afet bölgesini afetin hemen sonrasının koşullarında bile terk etmeme isteği, alanın yeniden inşası için en önemli itici güç olarak görülmelidir. Çalışma ile, afetin yarattığı psikolojik sarsıntılara karşın, afet sonrasında deprem bölgesinde oluşan “aidiyet duygusunun” güçlülüğü kentsel dirençliliğin inşasına katkı koyacak biçimde politikaları şekillendirebileceği sonucuna ulaşılmıştır.Article An Interdisciplinary Project: Controlled Urban Growth and Tourism Development Master Plan Study for Ajloun, Ain Janna and Anjara, Amman, Jordan(Cankaya University Press, 2018) Tunçer, Mehmet; 127698In this paper, World Bank Project prepared by different professional disciplines (City and Regional Planning, Architect, Landscape Architecture, Tourism, Infrastructure and Agriculture Experts, Economist etc.) between 2003-2005 "Controlled Urban Growth and Tourism Development Master Plan Study for Ajloun Tourism Development Area" planning and projecting studies, strategies and approaches will be summarized. In Jordan, Ajloun Castle, 73 km north of the capital Amman and three settlements around it (Ajloun, Ain-Jenna, Anjara) were declared as "Tourism Area." These areas planned as "Natural and Cultural Environmental Protection" with World Bank loan. The planned residential areas are one of the oldest parts of Jordan. The basic components of planning work are "Controlled Urban Development" and "Eco-tourism Master Plan." Scenarios are developed to establish the "Sustainable Tourism" and "Conservation" balances and to prioritize the infrastructure of the settlements, pedestrianization and the restoration of various natural and historical values.Book Ankara'da Vakıf Bedesten ve Hanlar: (15-20. YY)(2020) Tunçer, Mehmet; 127698Prof. Dr. Mehmet Tuncer’in bu kitabı, kentler ve kent planlanması eğitiminden gelen ve yıllar içerisinde zenginleşen bilgi birikiminin, önceki yıllarda Ankara’nın kent gelişimi ve ticaret merkezi üzerine yaptığı küçüklü büyüklü araştırma ve yayınlarından gelen bilgilerle de beslendiği, harmanlandığı ve yeniden yorumlandığı, ortaçağın ticaret yapıları olan Bedesten ve Han’larla ilgili, yeni bilgileri eklendiği özgün bir çalışmadır.Article Ankara'nın Kaybolan Doğal ve Kültürel Değerleri(2019) Tunçer, Mehmet; 127698Bu makalede; Ankara'nın tarih içinde kaybettiği doğal, tarihsel ve kültürel mirası özetlemeye çalışılacak, bu kayıpların önemli bir "Kültürel Bellek Yitimi (kaybı)" olduğunu vurgulanacaktır. Amaç, doğal ve tarihsel "Bellek" yitiminin önüne geçebilmek amacıyla çevresel, kentsel, sosyal ve kültürel politikalar önermektir. Yazıda, Ankara'nın yüzyıllarca korunmuş doğal ve tarihsel/kültürel çevresinin; bağlar, akarsular, dereler, tarihi çevre ve Cumhuriyet Dönemi Mimarisi'nin neden ve nasıl yok edildiği, neden korunamadığı açıklanmaktadır. Ankara bilinen tarihinin 2000 yılı boyunca çeşitli medeniyetlere beşiklik ve başkentlik etmiştir. Ankara'da tarih boyunca çeşitli uygarlıkların yerleştiği alanlar karmaşık ve çok katmanlıdır. Şehir içindeki ve çevresindeki arkeolojik buluntular, höyükler zengin tarihi kültür katmanlarının üzerinde bulunduğumuzun göstergeleridir. Günümüze kadar ulaşabilmiş Augustus Tapınağı, Roma Hamamı, Ankara Kalesi ve son yıllarda ortaya çıkarılan Antik Dönem Tiyatrosu ve Kale Surlarında kullanılan devşirme yapı kalıntıları, başlıklar, heykeller, Ankara'nın Roma (ve daha sonra Bizans) kimliğinin göstergeleridir. İnsanlığın yaşadığı ve çok değişik olaylara sahne olan tarihi kentler, bir topluluğun toplumsal, siyasal, kültürel, ruhsal zenginliğinin en önemli göstergesidir. Ankara binlerce yıllık birikim sonucu oluşmuş bir kenttir. Tarihi Galatlara kadar gitmektedir. Ankara ile birlikte düşünülen en önemli sembolik öğe Kale ve Çankaya'dır. Biri tarihi geçmişi, öbürü ise Cumhuriyet Türkiye'sini sembolize eder. Birçok kente nasip olmamış zengin bir kültür birikimi bulunmaktadır. Cumhuriyetin yeni, çağdaş, modern bir "Başkent" oluşturma idealinin gerçekleştiği kenttir.Article Building A Framework For Analyzing Quality Of Life At Neighbourhood Level: An Empirical Case From Ankara(2020) Orhan, Ezgi; Kahraman, Ezgi; Güngördü, Feriha Nazda; 34038; 50343This article aims to analyse the indicators of quality of life (QoL) in a regeneration area in line with the subjective evaluations of neighbourhood residents. To this end, a total of 359 respondents were selected by random sampling in the Akpinar neighbourhood, Ankara, Turkey which was inhabited by squatter settlements and subjected to urban regeneration resulting in a substantial change in its physical, social, spatial and demographic structure. The neighbourhood was challenged by a landslide after the urban regeneration which affected the satisfaction levels of residents and constituted a contradiction for regeneration efforts. It is hypothesised that the QoL of neighbourhood residents is affected by the factors of quality of the built environment, public spaces, social environment, natural environment, services and facilities and safety. The findings indicate that neighbourhood level QoL is positively associated with the width of streets, adequacy of parking lots, adequacy of cultural facilities, adequacy of sewage and drainage systems, discreetness of inhabitants and peace and calmness in the neighbourhood. The present research contributes to the development of a more comprehensive schema for regeneration practices by considering both objective and subjective indicators and by revealing the importance of the public space's influence on the QoL for urban residents.Editorial Challenges of the (anti) adaptive urbanization in multiple scales(2023) Orhan, Ezgi; Orhan, Ezgi; 34038Article Decoding the impact of covid-19 on everyday life practices of Syrian refugees: an investigation at the neighbourhood level(2024) Haliloğlu Kahraman, Z. Ezgi; 50343This study investigates the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic at the neighbourhood level on the everyday life practices of Syrian refugees and the potential reasons for virus transmission in their settlements. It is based on fieldwork in an ethnic enclave of Ankara, which revealed comparative insights into everyday life practices of Syrians before and after the outbreak, their perceptions, reactions and strategies towards the pandemic and its countermeasures. Their religious beliefs, socio-cultural structure, social networks and economic struggles have significant effects on their perceptions and practices in pandemic times; together with their living and working conditions, this may create risks of virus transmission. The degradation in their employment status, interruptions in donations and increase in expenditures resulted in decreases in living standards. The outbreak, negatively influencing their use of public services and some parts of social life created new inequalities and stressors but empowered their social support system and virtual networking capacities.Book Part DEFINING LOCAL PRINCIPLES OF SUSTAINABLE URBAN DESIGN: A HISTORICAL REVIEW AND A METHODOLOGY FOR EVALUATION(ST. KLIMENT OHRIDSKI UNIVERSITY PRESS, 2017) Tunçer, Mehmet; Tunçer, Mehmet; 127698Article Dimensions of housing satisfaction: a case study based on perceptions of rural migrants living in Dikmen(2013) Kahraman, Z. Ezgi; 50343Housing satisfaction is a complex concept that attracts researchers from various disciplines such as economics, sociology and planning. The studies in the literature show that housing satisfaction refers to more than physical satisfaction from the dwelling (e.g. Fried and Gleicher, 1961; Duncan, 1971; Kasarda and Janowtz, 1974; Galster and Hesser, 1981; Lu, 1999; Burby and Rohe, 1990; Kamp et al., 2003; Parkes et al., 2002; Kelekci and Berköz, 2006; and Erdoğan et al., 2007). It includes satisfaction from environmental setting, quality and aesthetic aspects (e.g. Varaday, 1983; Enosh et al., 1984; Cook; 1988; Burby and Rohe, 1990; and Kamp et al., 2003), satisfaction from the economic value of housing (e.g. Varady and Carroza, 2000; and Boyle and Kiel, 2001), community satisfaction (e.g. Kasarda and Janowtz, 1974; Galster and Hesser, 1981; Parkes et al., 2002; and Erdoğan et al., 2007), and satisfaction from urban services in the housing environment (e.g. Onibokun, 1974; Campbell et al., 1976; Fried, 1982; Türkoğlu, 1997; and Kelekci and Berköz, 2006). Although these dimensions shape the overall housing satisfaction, its definition is a subjective and contextdependent phenomenon (Campbell et al., 1976; Bardo and Hughey, 1984; Wiesenfeld, 1992; Lu 1999). It depends on the current conditions, needs and characteristics of inhabitants. With the help of this understanding, this study intends to reveal the content of housing satisfaction for a specific group. This paper aims to explore dimensions of housing satisfaction from the perceptions of rural migrants. This exploratory research was designed as a case study in the Dikmen district which is one of the oldest rural migrant settlements in Ankara. Currently, in the district, rural migrants who convey both rural and urban characteristics live in both squatter housing neighborhoods and former squatter housing neighborhoods transformed through improvement plans and urban transformation projects (Kahraman, 2008). This study investigates the perceptions of rural migrants livingin physically different neighborhoods of the Dikmen district in order to demonstrate the diversities when defining housing satisfaction within the same district. By this way, in defining housing satisfaction, it uncovers the differences and similarities in perceptions of rural migrants living in squatter houses, and apartment buildings built in improvement plans and urban transformation projects. This paper contributes to the existing literature in two ways. Firstly, it enriches housing literature theoretically. It extends the meaning and dimensions of housing satisfaction by exposing housing satisfaction perceptions of rural migrants. Secondly, the study has the potential to contribute to the literature practically. Uncovering factors affecting the housing satisfaction of inhabitants takes a critical role in increasing the quality of housing layout and environment, and quality of life. Therefore, the results of this study may assist architects, city planners, and housing authorities in designing and constructing more qualified, sensitive and livable housing settings with reference to the needs and expectations of rural migrants. This paper includes four major parts. The first part reviews the literature on housing satisfaction presenting various indicators and dimensions of housing satisfaction. The second part summarizes the changing features and lifestyles of rural migrants in relation to the history of squatter housing transformation. The third part of this paper discusses the case study applied in a squatter housing neighborhood, and former squatter housing neighborhoods transformed through improvement plans and an urban transformation project located in the Dikmen district in Ankara; including the contextual setting of the study area, the data collection and data analysis processes, and the findings of the analytical procedures. The last part presents the summary and discusses the findings and contributions of the study in relation to the existing literature.Article Disaster management of hotels: empirical results from the lodging industry(2021) Orhan, Ezgi; 34038Among other business types, hotels serving as temporary accommodation for visitors with solid ties to local conditions present unique hazard-prone characteristics, and show vulnerabilities based on their location. Departing from the significance of the topic for the Turkish case, this paper focuses on the risk perception and responsiveness of the lodging industry. In doing so, an empirical study was carried out in Ankara city. Data from 75 hotels were gathered via a questionnaire designed to identify their locational attributes and operationalized by multiple logistic regression analysis. Although hotels in the sample accepted that safety is a significant issue for both the continuity of their operationality and guests, hotels were reluctant in developing systematic and effective tools for disaster management.Book Part Disiplinlerarası Bir Proje: “Gaziantep Bizim Şehir Projesi / 2018” Gaziantep İli, Şahinbey İlçesi Pilot Bölge Çalışması(Nobel Yayınevi, 2020) Tunçer, Mehmet; 127698Book Doğal çevre yok olurken(Alter Yayıncılık, 2019) Tunçer, Mehmet; 127698Conference Object Dönüşüm Potansiyeline Sahip Planlı Gelişmiş Konut Alanlarında Memnuniyet ve Beklenti: Altınpark Türk-İş Blokları Örneği(2013) Kahraman, Zerrin Ezgi; Kahraman, Zerrin Ezgi; 50343Book Dünden Bugüne Kültürel Miras ve Koruma(Gazi Kitabevi, 2017) Tunçer, Mehmet; 127698Conference Object Eco-industrial Parks and Sustainability: A Case of Green Organized Industrial Zone from Turkey(Cankaya University Press, 2018) Özdemir, Suna SenemThe concept of sustainable development has been on the agenda since the 1980s. In industrial development, industrial ecology ideas realized the sustainable development goals with Eco-Industrial Parks (EIPs). Drivers and beneficence of EIPs are on competitiveness, economic and social and environmental terms. This paper aims to contribute to the industrial ecology literature by explaining the case of Turkey in developing its EIPs. Notably, as a possible EIP example, İzmir Atatürk Organized Industrial Zone (IAOIZ) is the focus of the paper. IAOIZ shows a case working towards to become and EIPs, but there is still too much to do. At the national level, there is a need for a policy and may be legislation to turn the existing OIZs to EIPs.
