Elektronik ve Haberleşme Mühendisliği Bölümü Yayın Koleksiyonu

Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12416/260

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Citation - WoS: 110
Citation - Scopus: 111
Active Laser Radar Systems With Stochastic Electromagnetic Beams in Turbulent Atmosphere
(Optica Publishing Group, 2008) Cai, Yangjian; Korotkova, Olga; Eyyuboglu, Halil T.; Baykal, Yahya
Propagation of stochastic electromagnetic beams through paraxial ABCD optical systems operating through turbulent atmosphere is investigated with the help of the ABCD matrices and the generalized Huygens-Fresnel integral. In particular, the analytic formula is derived for the cross-spectral density matrix of an electromagnetic Gaussian Schell-model (EGSM) beam. We applied our analysis for the ABCD system with a single lens located on the propagation path, representing, in a particular case, the unfolded double-pass propagation scenario of active laser radar. Through a number of numerical examples we investigated the effect of local turbulence strength and lens' parameters on spectral, coherence and polarization properties of the EGSM beam. (C) 2008 Optical Society of America
Citation - WoS: 22
Citation - Scopus: 23
Alternative Interpretation of the Edge-Diffraction Phenomenon
(Optical Soc Amer, 2008) Umul, Yusuf Z.
An alternative interpretation of the phenomenon of edge diffraction is proposed according to a new separation of the Fresnel function. The subfields are investigated in the problem of diffraction of a plane wave by a perfectly conducting half-plane, and the results are compared numerically with other interpretations. (c) 2008 Optical Society of America.
Citation - WoS: 183
Citation - Scopus: 193
Analysis of Reciprocity of Cos-Gaussian and Cosh-Gaussian Laser Beams in a Turbulent Atmosphere
(Optical Soc Amer, 2004) Eyyuboglu, HT; Baykal, Y
In a turbulent atmosphere, starting with a cos-Gaussian excitation at the source plane, the average intensity profile at the receiver plane is formulated. This average intensity profile is evaluated against the variations of link lengths, turbulence levels, two frequently used free-space optics wavelengths, and beam displacement parameters. We show that a cos-Gaussian beam, following a natural diffraction, is eventually transformed into a cosh-Gaussian beam. Combining our earlier results with the current findings, we conclude that cos-Gaussian and cosh-Gaussian beams act in a reciprocal manner after propagation in turbulence. The rates (paces) of conversion in the two directions are not the same. Although the conversion of cos-Gaussian beams to cosh-Gaussian beams can happen over a wide range of turbulence levels (low to moderate to high), the conversion of cosh-Gaussian beams to cos-Gaussian beams is pronounced under relatively stronger turbulence conditions. Source and propagation parameters that affect this reciprocity have been analyzed. (C) 2004 Optical Society of America.
Citation - WoS: 37
Citation - Scopus: 44
Annular Beam Scintillations in Strong Turbulence
(Optical Soc Amer, 2010) Gercekcioglu, Hamza; Baykal, Yahya; Nakiboglu, Cem
A scintillation index formulation for annular beams in strong turbulence is developed that is also valid in moderate and weak turbulence. In our derivation, a modified Rytov solution is employed to obtain the small-scale and large-scale scintillation indices of annular beams by utilizing the amplitude spatial filtering of the atmospheric spectrum. Our solution yields only the on-axis scintillation index for the annular beam and correctly reduces to the existing strong turbulence results for the Gaussian beam-thus plane and spherical wave scintillation indices-and also correctly yields the existing weak turbulence annular beam scintillations. Compared to collimated Gaussian beam, plane, and spherical wave scintillations, collimated annular beams seem to be advantageous in the weak regime but lose this advantage in strongly turbulent atmosphere. It is observed that the contribution of annular beam scintillations comes mainly from the small-scale effects. At a fixed primary beam size, the scintillations of thinner collimated annular beams compared to thicker collimated annular beams are smaller in moderate turbulence but larger in strong turbulence; however, thinner annular beams of finite focal length have a smaller scintillation index than the thicker annular beams in strong turbulence. Decrease in the focal length decreases the annular beam scintillations in strong turbulence. Examining constant area annular beams, smaller primary sized annular structures have larger scintillations in moderate but smaller scintillations in strong turbulence. (C) 2010 Optical Society of America
Citation - WoS: 26
Citation - Scopus: 26
Aperture Averaging in Multiple-Input Single-Output Free-Space Optical Systems Using Partially Coherent Radial Array Beams
(Optical Soc Amer, 2016) Baykal, Yahya; Uysal, Murat; Gokce, Muhsin Caner
Multiple-input single-output (MISO) techniques are employed in free-space optical (FSO) links to mitigate the degrading effects of atmospheric turbulence. In this paper, for the MISO FSO system, a partially coherent radial array and a finite-sized receiver aperture are used at the transmitter and the receiver, respectively. Using the extended Huygens - Fresnel principle, we formulate the average power and the power correlation at the finite-sized slow detector in weak atmospheric turbulence. System performance indicators such as the power scintillation index and the aperture averaging factor are determined. Effects of the source size, ring radius, receiver aperture radius, link distance, and structure constant and the degree of source coherence are analyzed on the performance of the MISO FSO system. In the limiting cases, the numerical results are found to be the same when compared to the existing coherent and partially coherent Gaussian beam scintillation indices. (C) 2016 Optical Society of America
Citation - WoS: 7
Citation - Scopus: 8
Apertured Paraxial Bessel Beams
(Optical Soc Amer, 2010) Umul, Yusuf Z.
The paraxial Bessel beam is obtained by applying an approximation in the wavenumbers. The scattering of the beams by a circular aperture in an absorbing screen is investigated. The scattered fields are expressed in terms of the Fresnel integrals by evaluating the Kirchhoff diffraction integral in the paraxial approximation. The results are examined numerically. (C) 2010 Optical Society of America
Citation - WoS: 53
Citation - Scopus: 58
Average Intensity and Spreading of an Elegant Hermite-Gaussian Beam in Turbulent Atmosphere
(Optical Soc Amer, 2009) Yuan, Yangsheng; Cai, Yangjian; Qu, Jun; Eyyuboglu, Halil T.; Baykal, Yahya
The propagation of an elegant Hermite-Gaussian beam (EHGB) in turbulent atmosphere is investigated. Analytical propagation formulae for the average intensity and effective beam size of an EHGB in turbulent atmosphere are derived based on the extended Huygens-Fresnel integral. The corresponding results of a standard Hermite-Gaussian beam (SHGB) in turbulent atmosphere are also derived for the convenience of comparison. The intensity and spreading properties of EHGBs and SHGBs in turbulent atmosphere are studied numerically and comparatively. It is found that the propagation properties of EHGBs and SHGBs are much different from their properties in free space, and the EHGB and SHGB with higher orders are less affected by the turbulence. What's more, the SHGB spreads more rapidly than the EHGB in turbulent atmosphere under the same conditions. Our results will be useful in long-distance free-space optical communications. (C) 2009 Optical Society of America
Citation - WoS: 127
Citation - Scopus: 135
Average Intensity and Spreading of Cosh-Gaussian Laser Beams in the Turbulent Atmosphere
(Optical Soc Amer, 2005) Eyyuboglu, HT; Baykal, Y
The average intensity and spreading of cosh-Gaussian laser beams in the turbulent atmosphere are examined. Our research is based principally on formulating the average-intensity profile at the receiver plane for cosh-Gaussian excitation. The limiting cases of our formulation for the average intensity are found to reduce correctly to the existing Gaussian beam wave result in turbulence and the cosh-Gaussian beam result in free space (in the absence of turbulence). The average intensity and the broadening of the cosh-Gaussian beam wave after it propagates in the turbulent atmosphere are numerically evaluated versus source size, beam displacement, link length, structure constant, and two wavelengths of 0.85 and 1.55 mum, which are most widely used in currently employed free-space-optical links. Results indicate that in turbulence the beam is widened beyond its free-space diffraction values. At the receiver plane, analogous to the case of free space, this diffraction eventually leads to transformation of the cosh-Gaussian beam into an oscillatory average-intensity profile with a Gaussian envelope. (C) 2005 Optical Society of America.
Citation - WoS: 114
Citation - Scopus: 118
Average Irradiance and Polarization Properties of a Radially or Azimuthally Polarized Beam in a Turbulent Atmosphere
(Optical Soc Amer, 2008) Cai, Yangjian; Lin, Qiang; Eyyuboglu, Halil T.; Baykal, Yahya
Analytical formulas are derived for the average irradiance and the degree of polarization of a radially or azimuthally polarized doughnut beam (PDB) propagating in a turbulent atmosphere by adopting a beam coherence-polarization matrix. It is found that the radial or azimuthal polarization structure of a radially or azimuthally PDB will be destroyed (i.e., a radially or azimuthally PDB is depolarized and becomes a partially polarized beam) and the doughnut beam spot becomes a circularly Gaussian beam spot during propagation in a turbulent atmosphere. The propagation properties are closely related to the parameters of the beam and the structure constant of the atmospheric turbulence. (C) 2008 Optical Society of America.
Citation - WoS: 4
Citation - Scopus: 4
Beam Diffraction by a Resistive Half-Plane
(Optical Soc Amer, 2015) Umul, Yusuf Ziya
The scattering of a Gaussian beam by a resistive half-screen is investigated. Far-field approximation is used in evaluation of geometrical optics and diffracted waves. The uniform expression of the diffracted waves by the resistive half-plane, which was found with the Sommerfeld-Maliuzhinets method, is obtained. The scattered fields for the case of the beam incidence are evaluated with the technique of a complex point source. The resultant wave expressions are examined numerically. (C) 2015 Optical Society of America
Citation - WoS: 11
Citation - Scopus: 12
Bit Error Rate Analysis of Gaussian, Annular Gaussian, Cos Gaussian, and Cosh Gaussian Beams With the Help of Random Phase Screens
(Optical Soc Amer, 2014) Eyyuboglu, Halil T.
Using the random phase screen approach, we carry out a simulation analysis of the probability of error performance of Gaussian, annular Gaussian, cos Gaussian, and cosh Gaussian beams. In our scenario, these beams are intensity-modulated by the randomly generated binary symbols of an electrical message signal and then launched from the transmitter plane in equal powers. They propagate through a turbulent atmosphere modeled by a series of random phase screens. Upon arriving at the receiver plane, detection is performed in a circuitry consisting of a pin photodiode and a matched filter. The symbols detected are compared with the transmitted ones, errors are counted, and from there the probability of error is evaluated numerically. Within the range of source and propagation parameters tested, the lowest probability of error is obtained for the annular Gaussian beam. Our investigation reveals that there is hardly any difference between the aperture-averaged scintillations of the beams used, and the distinctive advantage of the annular Gaussian beam lies in the fact that the receiver aperture captures the maximum amount of power when this particular beam is launched from the transmitter plane. (C) 2014 Optical Society of America
Citation - WoS: 28
Citation - Scopus: 28
Bit Error Rates for General Beams
(Optical Soc Amer, 2008) Arpali, Serap Altay; Eyyuboglu, Halil T.; Baykal, Yahya
In order to analyze the effect of beam type on free space optical communication systems, bit error rate (BER) values versus signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) are calculated for zero order and higher order general beam types, namely for Gaussian, cos-Gaussian, cosh-Gaussian, and annular beams. BER analysis is based on optical scintillation using log-normal distribution for the intensity, which is valid in weak atmospheric turbulence. BERs for these beams are plotted under variations of propagation length, source size, wavelength of operation, and order of the beam. According to our graphical outputs, at small source sizes and long propagation distances, the smallest BER value is obtained for the annular beam. On the other hand, at large source size and small propagation distance, the smallest BER value is obtained for the cos-Gaussian beam, Moreover, our study of the order of the beam shows that higher order beams have lower BER values than the zero order beams at longer propagation distances. But this drop compared with the order seems to be incremental. (c) 2008 Optical Society of America
Citation - WoS: 8
Citation - Scopus: 8
Comparative Analysis on Wavelet-Based Detection of Finite Duration Low-Amplitude Signals Related To Ventricular Late Potentials
(Iop Publishing Ltd, 2004) Mousa, A; Yilmaz, A
Ventricular late potentials (VLPs) are considered as a noninvasive marker of patients with myocardial infarction, who are prone to the development of ventricular tachycardia. This paper investigates the effects of variations in physical properties of myocardial infarcts in terms of their effects on the parametric variations in VLP analysis. A sufficiently large set of signals underlining the behavior of physical parameters was employed to represent the effect of physical size, position, orientation and type of infarct. The approximated signals are variations from real electrocardiography signals by adding potentials representing late potentials based on duration, frequency, amplitude and position. The aim is not to exactly model VLP but rather to generate an approximate set of signals to examine the performance of the standard methods for different possibilities in infarct dynamics. We investigate some of the detection approaches together with their related assumptions, and try to pinpoint the drawbacks and inaccuracies of these methods and also their assumptions. The three widely accepted criteria-QRS duration, root-mean-square and duration of the signal at the end of QRS for VLP detection-were used in the investigation. Results from the application of these parameters to the set of signals are presented. In addition we investigate the physical nature of an infarct and list a number of possible reasons that might be the cause of a low success rate for the detection of additive potentials. To improve the performance of the common methods, two more wavelet transform parameters are added to those of the standard methods. The method derived from this analysis is presented as an alternative means for the detection of late signals named as delayed potentials, a more general class that includes VLP as a subset.
Citation - WoS: 64
Citation - Scopus: 70
Complex Degree of Coherence for Partially Coherent General Beams in Atmospheric Turbulence
(Optical Soc Amer, 2007) Eyyuboglu, Halil T.; Baykal, Yahya; Cai, Yangjian
With the use of the general beam formulation, the modulus of the complex degree of coherence for partially coherent cosh-Gaussian, cos-Gaussian, Gaussian, annular and higher-order Gaussian optical beams is evaluated in atmospheric turbulence. For different propagation lengths in horizontal atmospheric links, the moduli of the complex degree of coherence at the source and receiver planes are examined when reference points are taken on the receiver axis and off-axis. In the on-axis case, it is observed that in propagation, the moduli of the complex degree of coherence are symmetrical and look like the intensity profile of the related coherent beam propagating in a turbulent atmosphere. For all the beams considered, the moduli of the complex degree of coherence profiles turn into Gaussian shapes beyond certain propagation lengths. In the off-axis case, the moduli of complex degree of coherence patterns become drifted at the earlier propagation lengths. Among the beams investigated, the cos-Gaussian beam is found to be almost independent of the changes in the source partial coherence parameter, and the annular beam seems to be affected the most against the variations of the source partial coherence parameter. (c) 2007 Optical Society of America.
Citation - WoS: 8
Citation - Scopus: 9
Cross Beam Scintillations in Non-Kolmogorov Medium
(Optical Soc Amer, 2014) Baykal, Yahya
For the collimated and focused cross beams, the on-axis scintillation index is evaluated when these beams propagate in weak non-Kolmogorov turbulence. In the limiting cases, our solution correctly reduces to the known Gaussian beam scintillations in Kolmogorov turbulence. For both the collimated and the focused cross beams, large power law exponent of the non-Kolmogorov turbulence is found to result in larger scintillations. Evaluating at a fixed power law exponent, the scintillation index of the collimated (focused) cross beam is higher (lower) than the collimated (focused) Gaussian beam scintillation index. When the asymmetry of the collimated (focused) cross beam increases, the scintillations increase (decrease). At a given cross beam configuration, change in the turbulence parameters varies the scintillations in the same manner for all power law exponent values. (C) 2014 Optical Society of America
Citation - WoS: 37
Citation - Scopus: 38
Diffraction by a Black Half Plane: Modified Theory of Physical Optics Approach
(Optical Soc Amer, 2005) Umul, YZ
The scattered fields from a black half plane which absorbs all the incoming electromagnetic energy are evaluated by defining a new modified theory of physical optics surface current. This current eliminates the reflected fields, coming from the first stationary point of the reflection integral and only creates a reflected diffracted field. The incident scattered fields are found from the same integral, written for the perfectly conducting half plane. The scattered fields are evaluated by using the stationary phase method and edge point technique. The evaluated fields are plotted numerically. (c) 2005 Optical Society of America.
Citation - WoS: 34
Citation - Scopus: 37
Diffraction of Evanescent Plane Waves by a Resistive Half-Plane
(Optical Soc Amer, 2007) Umul, Yusuf Z.
Diffraction of evanescent plane waves by a resistive half-plane is examined. The scattering integrals are constructed with the modified theory of physical optics. These integrals are evaluated uniformly by using an unusual method. The scattered fields of evanescent waves are obtained by giving the angle of incidence a complex value. The diffracted waves are plotted numerically for different parameters of the incident field. (c) 2007 Optical Society of America.
Citation - WoS: 8
Citation - Scopus: 8
Diffraction of Homogeneous and Inhomogeneous Plane Waves by a Planar Junction Between Perfectly Conducting and Impedance Half-Planes
(Optical Soc Amer, 2007) Umul, Yusuf Z.
The problem of diffraction of homogeneous and inhomogeneous plane waves at the discontinuity formed by perfectly conducting and impedance half-planes is examined by the method of modified theory of physical optics (MTPO). The MTPO integral of the reflected scattered waves by the perfectly conducting half-plane is reconstructed in order to include the effect of the diffracted wave coming from the edge of the impedance halfplane. The integrals are evaluated by a uniform asymptotic method. The results are plotted numerically and compared with the literature. (C) 2007 Optical Society of America
Citation - WoS: 4
Citation - Scopus: 4
Diffraction of Plane Electromagnetic Waves by a Resistive Half-Screen for Skew Incidence
(Optical Soc Amer, 2020) Umul, Yusuf Ziya
The scattering process of electromagnetic plane waves by a resistive half-screen is investigated for oblique incidence. First of all, it is shown that the existing solution in the literature is not correct, because the problem was solved by considering the normal components of the electromagnetic field, in terms of which the boundary conditions cannot be expressed. Instead of these, the components of the electric field, which is parallel to the edge discontinuity, are taken into account. The diffracted fields are obtained with the aid of the method of transition boundary. The uniform field expressions are obtained by using the Fresnel function. The behaviors of the total field and its subcomponents are analyzed numerically. (C) 2019 Optical Society of America
Citation - WoS: 13
Citation - Scopus: 12
Diffraction of Waves by a Boundary Between Two Half-Planes With Different Resistivities
(Optical Soc Amer, 2015) Umul, Yusuf Ziya
The solution of the diffraction problem of waves by a junction between two resistive half-screens is obtained by using the wedge diffraction field expression, introduced by Maliuzhinets [Ann. Phys. 461, 107 (1960)]. The two half-planes, located at the same coordinate plane, have different surface resistivities. The new field expression is compared with the solution of Senior ["Diffraction by a material junction,"http://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/handle/2027.42/21043] for the scattered waves. The important aspects of the approach are discussed in the light of the numerical results. (C) 2015 Optical Society of America

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