Bilgilendirme: Sürüm Güncellemesi ve versiyon yükseltmesi nedeniyle, geçici süreyle zaman zaman kesintiler yaşanabilir ve veri içeriğinde değişkenlikler gözlemlenebilir. Göstereceğiniz anlayış için teşekkür ederiz.
 

İşletme Bölümü Yayın Koleksiyonu

Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12416/403

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  • Article
    Citation - Scopus: 3
    Advertising Ethics: a Field Study on Turkish Consumers
    (2007) Özdemir, Handan; Ergin, E.A.; Ozdemir, H.; 120408; Halkla İlişkiler ve Reklamcılık; 03.02. Halkla İlişkiler ve Reklamcılık; 03. İktisadi ve İdari Birimler Fakültesi; 01. Çankaya Üniversitesi
    This study examines whether use of deception in ads, cultural stereotyping, sexual stereotyping, and emotional exploitation factors have an influence on the Turkish consumers. Specifically, the aim is to discover whether each of these four factors have any impact on the consumers ' recall of the ad and subsequent purchasing decisions. The results of this study should help foreign and domestic advertising agencies and their clients, already existing in or planning to enter the Turkish market, in understanding the Turkish consumers better.
  • Article
    Citation - WoS: 1
    Citation - Scopus: 1
    Student Participation in Bologna Process: a Case Study From Turkey
    (Fac Teacher Education, 2014) Kahraman, Zerrin Ezgi; Kahraman, Z. Ezgi; Sakarya, Arif Orçun; Sakarya, A. Orcun; 50343; 19342; Şehir ve Bölge Planlama; İşletme; 05.03. Şehir ve Bölge Planlama; 03.04. İşletme; 03. İktisadi ve İdari Birimler Fakültesi; 05. Mimarlık Fakültesi; 01. Çankaya Üniversitesi
    Bologna Process studies in Cankaya University's Interior Architecture Department (INAR), Turkey have been initiated in 2008. The goal of this study is to explore students' perceptions about the new programme outcomes framed with the Turkish Higher Education Qualifications Framework and to provide a set of guidelines for the Bologna Process to be implemented. A questionnaire including semi-structured questions is conducted in the data collection process. Content analysis method is used in order to examine students' perceptual outcomes. The findings of the study display that students' perceptions underline the importance of the acquisition of knowledge, skills and competences in social, economic and managerial dimensions of the professional life. Results also reveal the need of students for the acquisition and use of communicative, collaborative and interdisciplinary aspects of the profession and their expectations on both theoretical and practical contents of INAR courses. Furthermore, this study which mainly followed a student-cantered approach concluded that it is also possible to generalize new programme outcomes through the active participation of students.
  • Article
    Citation - WoS: 8
    Citation - Scopus: 6
    Does Adr Listing Affect the Dynamics of Volatility in Emerging Markets
    (Charles Univ-prague, 2010) Umutlu, Mehmet; Umutlu, Mehmet; Altay-Salih, Aslihan; Akdeniz, Levent; 38254; 178057; İşletme; 03.04. İşletme; 03. İktisadi ve İdari Birimler Fakültesi; 01. Çankaya Üniversitesi
    This paper analyzes the time-series variation in the return volatility of non-US stocks from emerging markets that are cross-listed on US exchanges. Unlike previous studies in the cross-listing literature, return volatility is modeled using conditional heteroscedaslicity models. We find that firms' exposure to risks such as local and global market betas remain unchanged after cross-listing. Moreover, we do not identify notable changes in the dynamics of the volatility of cross-listed stocks after cross-listing except for leverage effects. We further show that the mean level of conditional variance is not affected after cross-listing. Thus, our results provide counter-evidence to the belief that foreign investor participation drives volatility upward.
  • Article
    Citation - WoS: 10
    Turkish Consumers' Perceptions and Consumption of Organic Foods
    (Academic Journals, 2011) Özsaçmacı, Bülent; Ergin, Elif Akagun; Ozsacmaci, Bulent; 120408; Uluslararası Ticaret ve Finansman; 03.06. Uluslararası Ticaret ve Finansman; 03. İktisadi ve İdari Birimler Fakültesi; 01. Çankaya Üniversitesi
    The organic food market in Turkey has experienced a significant growth over the past decade. The goal of this paper is to explore Turkish consumers' nature of demand for organic food products. The effect of four factors, consumer trust, health considerations, environmental benefits and availability, on the frequency of organic food product purchases is analyzed. The survey study takes place in Istanbul and Ankara, Turkey with the participation of 215 consumers. The results of this study indicate that the main reasons for purchasing organic foods are that consumers believe them to be healthier, tastier, fresher and that organic products are environmentally friendly.
  • Conference Object
    Citation - WoS: 2
    Examining Immigrant Turkish Household Food Consumption: Consumer Insights for Food Acculturation Models
    (Assoc Consumer Research, 2010) Ergin, Elif Akagun; Kaufman-Scarborough, Carol; 120408; 01. Çankaya Üniversitesi
  • Article
    Citation - WoS: 16
    Citation - Scopus: 13
    Wavelet Transform and Artificial Neutral Network for the Quantitative Resolution of Ternary Mixtures
    (Revista Chimie Srl, 2006) Dinc, Erdal; Baleanu, Dumitru; Baleanu, Dumitru; Tas, Aysegul; 56389; 29252; Matematik; 02.02. Matematik; 02. Fen-Edebiyat Fakültesi; 01. Çankaya Üniversitesi
    Two different approaches continuous wavelet transform (CWT) and artificial neural network (ANN) were successfully applied to the quantitative resolution of ternary mixtures of paracetamol (PAR), metamizol (MET) and caffeine (CA) having strongly overlapping spectra. First approach is based on the use of CWT signals of the ratio spectra of three active compounds in samples. Various CWT families were tested for the extraction of cardinal information and small noise condition and higher peaks of the original spectra. In this paper, three methods: Mexican hat function (MEX) (a = 70), reverse biorthogonal (RBIO3.5) (a = 100) and biorthogonal (BIOR2.4) (a = 90) were found suitable for determination of three active compounds and their signal analysis. ANN, as a multivariate numerical method, was used for the quantitative resolution of the same ternary mixtures. The performance of CWT and ANN approaches was validated by analyzing the synthetic mixtures of PAR, MET and CA compounds. In addition, the standard addition technique was also used for the same purpose. The experimental results provided by CWT technique were compared with each other and those obtained by ANN method and a coincidence was observed for all the obtained results.
  • Article
    Citation - WoS: 12
    The Rise in the Sales of Counterfeit Brands: The Case of Turkish Consumers
    (Academic Journals, 2010) Ergin, Elif Akagun; 120408; 01. Çankaya Üniversitesi
    Counterfeiting activity is a worldwide phenomenon rapidly increasing in every country. Accounting for about 7% of global trade, counterfeit brands resemble the genuine goods but are typically of lower quality in terms of performance, reliability or durability. The size of the counterfeit brands market in Turkey is reported to be around 3 billion dollars. The prevalence of counterfeit manufacturing, the wide availability and the increase in the sales of counterfeits in the Turkish market make it imperative to address the nature of the demand. This research investigates the rapid increase in the sales of counterfeit brands in Turkey and attempts to identify the major factors that motivate consumers to purchase these brands. A field study has been conducted at the Grand Bazaar in Istanbul, the oldest and largest covered bazaar in the world. A judgment sample of 385 young adult, urban Turkish consumers, between the ages of 18 - 35, were approached face-to-face and surveys were completed. The results are reported according to the objectives of the research. The multi-regression analysis points to prestige, brand popularity, wide availability and low price as the four main motivator factors for consumers purchasing counterfeits. In addition, respondents are examined in terms of how they view both their own and other consumers, use of counterfeit brands.
  • Article
    Citation - WoS: 12
    Compulsive Buying Behavior Tendencies: the Case of Turkish Consumers
    (Academic Journals, 2010) Ergin, Elif Akaguen; 120408; 01. Çankaya Üniversitesi
    Compulsive buying is a dysfunctional consumer behavior, a chronic failure to control the urge to purchase products and services. The two main goals of this study were to explore whether gender was a significant predictor of compulsive buying behavior and to determine the effect of two particular predispositional factors ( anxiety, depression) on compulsive buying. The primary data for this study was obtained from a questionnare that was administered in the capital city of Ankara. A convenience sample of three hundred and fourteen respondents participated in the study. Independent sample t - test, correlational and regression analyses were conducted for data analysis. The empirical findings showed that there are marked differences in compulsive buying tendencies of Turkish women and men, and factors such as age and anxiety are strongly related to compulsive buying behavior.
  • Article
    Citation - WoS: 3
    Assessment of Cluster Potential and Decision Making Criterion in the Textile and Apparel Sector Using the Analytic Hierarchy Process (Ahp)
    (Academic Journals, 2011) Aluftekin, Nilay; Tas, Aysegul; Yuksel, Oznur; Cakar, Gulsen Erenler; Bayraktar, Fatma; 29252; 7239; 01. Çankaya Üniversitesi
    In this study, the potential of specific-sector clustering and the relevant decision-making criteria are identified for 10 provinces of Turkey based on the clustering approach and using the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) and through one-to-one interviews and surveys administered on 2,327 firms active in the textile and apparel sector. When identifying this potential, the clustering tendencies of companies with input-output relations and included in the value chain were also used in addition to survey data. At the end of the study, according to the data obtained through the AHP and the surveys held in 10 provinces, two provinces came to fore, meeting the highest number of criteria in terms of clustering potential. These are the provinces of Istanbul and Gaziantep. The provinces of Izmir and Bursa were identified as being closer to having a clustering potential compared to other provinces. In addition, it is expected that this study will make a significant contribution to literature as this study uses the AHP method for the first time in identifying the potential of clustering.
  • Review
    Re-Globalization New Frontiers of Political, Economic, and Social Globalization
    (Seta Foundation, 2023) Kalemci, Rabia Arzu; Kalemci, Arzu; Benedikter, Roland; Gruber, Mirjam; Kofler, Ingrid; 42537; İşletme; 03.04. İşletme; 03. İktisadi ve İdari Birimler Fakültesi; 01. Çankaya Üniversitesi
  • Article
    Citation - WoS: 5
    Ethical Climate as a Mediator Between Employees' Organizational Silence Behaviors and Their Trust in Leader: an Empirical Research on Insurance Sector Employees
    (Ardabil industrial Management inst, 2018) Karabay, Melisa E.; Şener, İrge; Sener, Irge; Tezergil, Seher A.; 21583; İşletme; 03.04. İşletme; 03. İktisadi ve İdari Birimler Fakültesi; 01. Çankaya Üniversitesi
    Leaders play a major role in determining effectiveness across all organizational levels compromising (individual, team and units through their ability of ensuring trust among their subordinates and co-workers). In this study, the effect of trust in leader on employees' organizational silence behavior and ethical climate as a mediating role was investigated. In order to measure the impact of the perceptions of employees' trust in their leaders on their silence behavior particularly on defensive, acquiescent, and pro-social silence, a survey was conducted among 811 employees working in various insurance companies in Istanbul, Turkey. To test the hypotheses, hierarchical regression technique was used. According to the findings, trust in leader negatively affected silence intentions of employees. Furthermore, the findings presented a supporting evidence of the full mediating effect of ethical climate for the relation between trust in leader and overall organizational silence, and acquiescent and pro-social silence behavior. However, findings revealed that ethical climate had a partial mediating effect on the relation between trust in leader and defensive silence behavior of employees. (C) AIMI Journals
  • Article
    Citation - Scopus: 5
    A Research on Corporate Enterprise Resource Planning (Erp) Systems Used for Supermarket Supply Chain Inventory Management in Turkey
    (EuroJournals, Inc., 2009) Belbaǧ, S.; Tarım, Şule; Çimen, M.; Tarim, S.; Taş, A.; 29252; Çankaya Meslek Yüksekokulu; 08.02. Çankaya Meslek Yüksekokulu; 08. Meslek Yüksekokulları; 01. Çankaya Üniversitesi
    The purpose of this study is to draw a detailed picture of the current situation with regard to supply chain inventory planning systems used in the Turkish retail sector. During the study, companies developing enterprise resource planning (ERP) software were contacted and asked questions oriented to reveal the contribution of current enterprise resource planning software in supply chain management and the opportunities they offer to users in terms of inventory planning. Interviews were made using one or more of the interview techniques of electronic mail, telephone or one-to-one interview. Through these interviews, it was attempted to determine the estimation and planning capabilities of the existing ERP software and draw an inventory of the solutions currently offered to users that will meet the varying demands of the companies operating in the retail sector. In addition, a comparison of the ERP products of national and foreign software companies producing solutions with various functionalities for the retail sector is made along with an evaluation in view of enterprise management. © EuroJournals Publishing, Inc. 2009.
  • Article
    Citation - WoS: 1
    Citation - Scopus: 3
    Institutional Change in the Turkish Film Industry (1950-2006): Social Exclusion Impact of Globalization
    (Ankara Haci Bayram veli Univ, 2011) Kalemci, Rabia Arzu; Kalemci, R. Arzu; Ozen, Sukru; 42537; 26234; İşletme; 03.04. İşletme; 03. İktisadi ve İdari Birimler Fakültesi; 01. Çankaya Üniversitesi
    This study examines the impact of globalization on the organization of production chain in the Turkish film industry. Adopting the historical institutionalist approach, the study examines the institutional change in the organization of production, distribution and exhibition chain in the Turkish film industry for the period of 1950-2006. The main finding of the study is that as a result of opening up the industry to the foreign direct investment in 1989, the organization of production chain evolves from a network structure dominated by regional distributors to a hierarchical network structure dominated by the big US film companies. Another finding is that the multiplex type of film theaters particularly located in big cities emerges as a supplementary form to the theaters with single screen that has been widespread in the previous period. This leads to an increase in the number of cities without theaters. The study emphasizes that the social exclusion manifested by increasing 'theaterlessness' is inherent within the multiplex type of film theater diffused through globalization.
  • Article
    The Paradox Between Institutional Logics in Organizational Fields: The Case of Turkish Military Service Field
    (Eskisehir Osmangazi Univ, Fac Education, 2015) Kalemci, Rabia Arzu; Kalemci, Rabia Arzu; Gokoglu, Mustafa Mehmet; Tuzun, Ipek Kalemci; 42537; İşletme; 03.04. İşletme; 03. İktisadi ve İdari Birimler Fakültesi; 01. Çankaya Üniversitesi
    Turkish military services field can be conceptualized for embracing two distinct and inconsistent types of institutional logics, namely; mandatory military service logic as the dominant and pragmatic logics as the alternatives. We examine the relationship between the dominant logic which determines legitimate organizational activities and alternative logics which are activated sporadically in the field of Turkish military services. From this standpoint, the circumstances whereby pragmatic logics as alternative institutional logics become effective in the field without devitalizing the dominant logic is explored. Broadly, the results indicate that dominant and alternative logics can support each other in order to preserve field's static condition, rather than interfere with each other so as to induce a permanent transformation.
  • Conference Object
    The Effect of Knowledge Economy on Organizational Environments: Do the Governance Mechanisms Differ According To Institutional and Technical Environments
    (int Business information Management Assoc-ibima, 2009) Sener, Irge; Şener, İrge; 21583; İşletme; 03.04. İşletme; 03. İktisadi ve İdari Birimler Fakültesi; 01. Çankaya Üniversitesi
    Technological developments result in important changes for organizations and their environment. The most remarkable change in the organizational field is the widespread usage of Internet, a new information and communication technology (ICT). The changes depending on Internet, affect organizational structures, since they are designed compatible to the communication needs dependent on the technology. In some cases, however, the communication technologies can be developed in consistence with the organizational structure. This indicates that, when ICTs are taken into consideration, it occurs that there is no clear distinction between technical and institutional organizational environments. The ICTs dependent on Internet is both a legitimacy source for the organizations and an efficiency tool. Accordingly, in this study it is considered that the technical and institutional environments are interpenetrated and different types of governance mechanisms result due to the varying effects of the environmental pressures. Testable propositions are developed for different types of environments.
  • Article
    Industry 4.0 Readiness of Smes: Active Participants or Silent Audience of the Revolution
    (Sosyoekonomi Soc, 2023) Sener, Irge; Karapolatgil, Ahmet Anil; 21583; 03.04. İşletme; 03. İktisadi ve İdari Birimler Fakültesi; 01. Çankaya Üniversitesi
    Nowadays, the technological consequences of the Fourth Industrial Revolution affect all organisations. However, the current reactions of SMEs have yet to be explored. For this reason, this study focused on the actual status of SMEs and aimed to determine their readiness and awareness of Industry 4.0 technologies. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 44 SME managers operating in Ankara, constituting the study sample. Research findings were examined within the scope of 3 main themes determined by content analysis. In this context, it has been concluded that SMEs in the sample have low awareness of Industry 4.0, and their readiness needs to be improved.
  • Article
    Fama-French üç faktör varlık fiyatlama modelinin İMKB’de uygulanması
    (2006) Doğanay, M. Mete; 112010; 03.04. İşletme; 03. İktisadi ve İdari Birimler Fakültesi; 01. Çankaya Üniversitesi
  • Article
    Yıldız Gücü (Star Power): Yıldız Sporcular Y Kuşağı Tüketicilerinin Tüketimkararlarını Etkiler mi
    (2021) Avcı, Mustafa Serhat; Ergin, Elif Akagün; Özdemir, Handan; 116684; 120408; 03.02. Halkla İlişkiler ve Reklamcılık; 03. İktisadi ve İdari Birimler Fakültesi; 01. Çankaya Üniversitesi
    Amaç – Bu araştırmanın amacı, “yıldız gücü faktörleri” olarak bilinen; profesyonel güvenilirlik,sempatik kişilik, atletik uzmanlık, sosyal çekicilik ve karakteristik tarz faktörlerinin Y kuşağıtüketicilerin genel ve spesifik tüketimleri üzerindeki etkilerini ortaya koymak ve yıldız gücü etkisinincinsiyet ve yaş demografik değişkenleri ile ilişkilerini incelemektir. Yöntem – Nicel araştırma yönteminin tercih edildiği bu araştırmada, Braunstein ve Zhang’ın (2005)atletik yıldız gücü üzerine yaptıkları çalışmada geliştirdikleri Athletic Star Power (SASP) ölçeği veritoplama aracı olarak kullanılmıştır. Y kuşağı 450 katılımcıdan anket yöntemi ile toplanan veriler SPSS25.0 paket programı kullanılarak tasnif edilmiş, araştırmanın hipotezleri, çoklu doğrusal regresyonanalizi, bağımsız örneklemler için T- testi ve ANOVA analizi yöntemleri ile test edilmiştir. Bulgular – Araştırma sonucunda, Y kuşağı tüketicilerin tüketim kararlarında yıldız gücüfaktörlerinden etkilendikleri belirlenmiştir. Araştırma sonucunda, yıldız gücü etkisinin kadın veerkek bireyler üzerinde anlamlı bir farklılık gösterdiği görülmüş ve erkek tüketicilerin kadıntüketicilere göre atletik yıldız gücünden daha fazla etkilendikleri belirlenmiştir. Buna ek olarak,atletik yıldız gücü etkisinin katılımcıların yaşlarına göre farklılaşmadığı sonucuna da varılmıştır.Tartışma – Ünlü sporcuların reklamlarda kullanılması üzerine yapılan çalışmalar, ağırlıklı olarakreklam yöneticilerinin görüşlerine odaklanmış, tüketicilerin bakış açılarının önemini göz ardı etmiştir.Buna ek olarak, çeşitli çalışmalarda ise, ünlü sporcuların tüketiciler üzerindeki etkilerine dairbileşenlerin birbirlerinden bağımsız olarak değerlendirildiği görülmektedir. Bu noktadan hareketlebu araştırmada, yıldız gücü etkisinin tüketici açısından ele alınması hedeflenmiş ve yıldız gücüfaktörleri olarak kabul edilen tüm faktörlerin, dünyanın en büyük ikinci tüketici topluluğu olarakkabul edilen Y kuşağı tüketicilerin tüketim kararları üzerindeki olası etkileri ortaya konmayaçalışılmıştır. Bu bağlamda, markaların ve firmaların dünya nüfusunun yaklaşık %27’sini oluşturan veTürkiye’de ise halen 18 milyonun üzerinde tüketiciyi kapsayan Y kuşağının, yıldız sporculardan nederece etkilendiklerini görmeleri ve “yıldız gücü” etkisinden faydalanabilmeleri oldukça önemlidir.
  • Article
    Türkiye'de Televizyon Dizisi Sektörü
    (2021) Doğanay, Mete; Aktaş, Mansur Konuralp; 112010; 03.04. İşletme; 03. İktisadi ve İdari Birimler Fakültesi; 01. Çankaya Üniversitesi
    Bu çalışmanın temel amacı Türkiye’de önemli bir iletişim ve eğlence aracı olarak kabul edilen televizyon yayınlarının en çok izlenen ikinci program türü olan dizi filmlerini yapımcılık açısından incelemektir. Bu amaçla dizi sektörü temsilcileri ile görüşmeler yapılmış ve konu ile ilgili birçok kaynak incelenmiştir. Türkiye’de dizi sektörü 2010’lu yılların ilk yarısında önemli bir gelişme göstermiş ve ihracat rakamları önemli ölçüde artmıştır. Türk televizyon dizilerini diğer ülkelerin dizilerinden ayıran önemli farklar olarak, dizilerin yapım kalitelerinin yüksek olması, duyguları çok iyi yansıtması, çoğunlukla melodram türü olmakla beraber hikâyelerinin ve sunumlarının diğer ülke melodramlarından farklı olması, seyircinin merakını canlı tutan olaylar zinciri üzerine kurulması, oyunların fiziki özellikleri ile oyunculuk yetenekleri, çekimlerim değişik ve ilgi çeken mekânlarda gerçekleştirilmesi ve özellikle müziklerinin etkileyici olması değerlendirilebilir. Türk dizi film sektörü çok önemli aşamalar kaydetmiş ve günümüzde dünyaca tanınmış bir sektör haline gelmiştir. Sektörün kendini etkileyen tüm gelişmeleri gözeterek bir strateji oluşturması ve bu stratejiye göre hareket etmesi bundan sonraki başarılarını devam ettirmesi için ön
  • Article
    Türkiye''de Kırsal Alanda Yoksulluğun Azaltılmasında Hayvancılığın Ve Hayvansal Ürün İşleyen Kobilerin Rolü
    (2004) Gülçubuk, Bülent; Aluftekin, Nilay; 01. Çankaya Üniversitesi
    1980’li yıllardan sonra uygulanan ekonomi politikalarından hayvancılık önemli ölçüde etkilenmiştir. Politikalar özellikle küçükbaş hayvancılık ile uğraşanları etkilemiştir. Çünkü, bunlar Türkiye’nin çoğunlukla az gelişmiş veya geri kalmış yörelerinde yaşamakta olup, alternatif gelir kaynakları da oldukça sınırlıdır. Küçükbaş hayvancılıkla uğraşanlar tarım kesiminin en dağınık ve örgütsüz grubunu oluşturmaktadır. Bu grup, ekonomik ve toplumsal değişim süreçleri sonunda giderek daha da yoksullaşmaktadır. Türkiye’de başta küçükbaş olmak üzere hayvan sayılarındaki sürekli azalışlar da bunu doğrulamaktadır. Nitekim, 1980-2001 yılları arasında koyun sayısında %44.5, kıl keçisi sayısında %56.1, tiftik keçisi sayısında %90.4 ve sığır sayısında %33.6 oranında azalma olmuştur. Sonuçta, önemli bir nüfus grubu giderek yoksullaşmakta veya kentlere göç ederek yeni yaşam maceralarına sürüklenmektedir.Türkiye’de küçükbaş hayvan varlığının en fazla olduğu Doğu Anadolu Bölgesi ile Güneydoğu Anadolu Bölgelerinde “yoksul birey oranı” sırasıyla %25.0 ve %24.0’dür. Kırsal ekonomik yapının önemli bir parçası durumunda olan hayvancılık sektörü, özellikle bu sektörü meydana getiren işletmelerin ölçekleri, yapıları, üretim süreçleri ve kuruluş yerleri açısından kendi bünyelerinde bir çok farklılıklar göstermektedir. Avrupa Birliği’ne girme çabasında olan Türkiye’de, hayvancılık sektöründe faaliyet gösteren küçük ve orta ölçekli işletmelerin (KOBİ) daha aktif, verimli ve üretken hale gelmesi kırsal kalkınma ve özellikle de yoksulluğun azaltılması açısından önem taşımaktadır.Bu makalede, yoksulluğun tanımı, nitelikleri ve bölgesel görünümü kısaca verildikten sonra kırsal alanda yoksulluk konusu ele alınmış ve kırsal alanda yoksulluğun azaltılmasında hayvancılığın ve hayvansal ürün işleyen KOBİ’lerin rolü tartışılmıştır. Ayrıca, kırsal alanda yoksulluğun azaltılması için hayvancılık politikaları konusunda stratejiler geliştirilmiştir.