Uluslararası Ticaret Bölümü Yayın Koleksiyonu
Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12416/401
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Article Citation - WoS: 8Citation - Scopus: 9The Relationship Between Inflation, Output Growth, and Their Uncertainties: Nonlinear Multivariate Garch-M Evidence(Economics Bulletin, 2011) Omay, Tolga; Omay, Tolga; Çankaya Meslek YüksekokuluIn this paper, we propose a nonlinear multivariate GARCH-M model. We have illustrated the actual modelling by applying the models to inflation and output growth variables and found that the effects of real and nominal uncertainties are regime-dependent.Article Citation - WoS: 3Citation - Scopus: 4An Empirical Survey of Consumer Ethnocentrism in Kazakhstan and the Preference of Consumers on Imported Products(Ahmet Yesevi Univ, 2017) Nakip, Mahir; Nakip, Mahir; Gokmen, Aytac; Gökmen, Aytaç; Uluslararası Ticaret ve FinansmanThe reality of globalization declines the frontiers for cross border international trade and investments as well as functions as a means to converge the consumer needs and expectations on a global base. The convergence of the expectations of consumers is considerably beneficial for international businesses in their international marketing activities. However, this issue does not realize in every country or regional market. Yet, consumer ethnocentrism is a profound obstacle for international businesses which emphasis nationalistic sentiments, pride and the rejection of any product or idea that is made in another country without any rationale reasoning. Thus, this study is aimed at researching the subject of consumer ethnocentrism in the Central Asian Turkish Republic of Kazakhstan. The results indicate that there is not a strong relation between ethnocentric perceptions and product necessity in Kazakhstan. Also, sub-dimensions of ethnocentrism have different correlation levels with each imported products. In addition, religious and moral values are not effective factors in explaining the variation in imported products.Article Citation - WoS: 1Financial Market Segmentation: an Application on Islamic Financial Markets(Journal Applied Economics & Business Research, 2017) Nakip, Mahir; Gökmen, Aytaç; Nakip, Mahir; Gokmen, Aytac; Mohammed, Salah Awad; Uluslararası Ticaret ve FinansmanMuslim world comprises of a considerable part of the earth's population and there are many Muslim states in the world. People who adopted the Islam religion have a distinctive understanding of life based on Al-Quran, Hadith and Sharia. Therefore, all the deeds of Muslims must be in accordance with the way of Islam and Sharia. Finance is an issue in which Sharia prevails. According to the principles of Sharia, conventional financial applications are not proper for Muslims. Therefore, certain financial instruments and regulations are implemented to comply with the rulings of Islam and Sharia. Moreover, the aim of this study is to analyze the financial markets in Muslim countries resting on dependable international resources such as macro economical and financial indicators, and segmenting them by using statistical methods as Cluster and Discriminant analysis. As a result, it is concluded that financial markets in Muslim countries can be segmented by using certain financial indicators. Yet, financial markets in Muslim countries cannot be segmented by using certain economic indicators but, these indicators can be used to discriminate the financial market segments.Book Part Citation - Scopus: 1The Relationship Between Inflation, Output Growth, and Inflation Uncertainty: Panel Data Evidence From Selected Industrial Countries(Nova Science Publishers, Inc., 2012) Omay, T.; Omay, Tolga; Eruygur, A.; Çankaya Meslek YüksekokuluIn this chapter, we have examined the causal relationships among the inflation rate, output growth rate, and inflation uncertainty for a panel of industrialized countries. For this purpose, we have estimated a PANEL-GARCH model for inflation rate and performed Panel-causality tests using conditional standard deviations of inflation to proxy nominal uncertainty. The relationships among inflation, output growth, and inflation uncertainty have been investigated extensively in the empirical literature for developed countries (e.g., Grier and Perry 1998; Davis and Kanago, 2000; Fountas et al. 2006; Fountas and Karanasos 2007). Our main contribution is to extend the analysis conducted by these studies to a group of developed countries using panel data techniques. The panel Granger test results have showed that the Friedman-Ball hypothesis is not supported by data when applied to the group of countries included in this chapter. This has led us to conclude that a threshold level of inflation does exist before the Friedman- Ball hypothesis applies. On the other hand, the reported test results have provided empirical support for the Cukierman-Meltzer (1986) hypothesis that inflation uncertainty raises the inflation rate in the group of industrialized countries under investigation. Our findings regarding the causal relationship between inflation uncertainty and output growth report a bidirectional relationship between these two variables. While output growth leads to an increase in inflation uncertainty at first lag, this effect is found to be insignificant at fourth lags. However, inflation uncertainty is found to be detrimental for real growth uniformly across the lags considered. Finally, a negative bidirectional causal relation was detected between output growth and inflation. © 2012 by Nova Science Publishers, Inc. All rights reserved.Article Citation - Scopus: 3The Relationship Between Output Growth and Inflation: Evidence From Turkey(2010) Omay, T.; Omay, Tolga; Aluftekin, N.; Karadagli, E.C.; Çankaya Meslek YüksekokuluIn this study, a bi-variate Generalized Autoregressive Conditional Heteroscedasticty model is used in order to investigate the Granger causality relationships between output growth, inflation rate and their uncertainties. Our test results show that the existence of Granger-causality is observed from nominal uncertainty to inflation, from nominal uncertainty to real uncertainty, from output growth to real uncertainty, from output growth to nominal uncertainty and from inflation to nominal uncertainty. These findings prove that theoretical predictions of Cuikerman and Meltzer (1986), Okun (1971) and Friedman (1977) are valid for the period 1986, 6 - 2007, 1 for Turkey. On the other hand, 'Short-run Phillips Curve' and 'Taylor Effect' have proven empirically to be invalid for Turkey for this sample period. Moreover, we deduce that Turkish inflation is affected by the output growth through the nominal uncertainty channel.Article Citation - WoS: 2The Relationship Between Triple Deficit and Growth: The Case of Turkey(Eskisehir Osmangazi Univ, Fac Education, 2015) Berke, Burcu; Temiz, Dilek; Temiz, Dilek; Karakurt, Eda; Uluslararası Ticaret ve FinansmanMacroeconomic equilibrium in an economy is provided by equalizing of internal and external economic balances. While internal economic balance consists of saving-investment balance of the private sector and the income-expenditure balance of the public sector (budget balance), the external economic balance is comprised of the current account balance. According to this equation, when both internal economic balances gave deficits, it is required that the current account balance is expected to give a deficit up to them. This situation is defined as "triple deficit". Triple deficits are generally a problem occurring in the economies trying to grow over the potential, in which there is an insufficient domestic savings. Therefore, it must have been examined the relationship between triple deficit and growth in Turkey. In this study, the effect of each component (balances) of the "triple deficit" hypothesis on growth are studied by VAR model during period of 2003Q2-2012Q4 in Turkey and it is found that these balances are the most explaining variables the growth.Article Yönetici Değişiminin İşletme Performansına Etkisi(2010) Gökmen, AytaçBir işletmenin performansının artması ya da azalmasına etki eden en önemli öğelerden bir tanesi yöneticinin işletme faaliyetlerinin gidişatına yaptığı müdahaleler ve olumlu etkileme gücüdür. Bu çalışmanın yapılmasındaki amaç, modern işletme idaresinin temel yapı taşlarından biri olan ve işletmenin başarımında birincil derecede öneme sahip olan tepe yöneticisinin değişimi sonucunda işletmede uygulanmaya başlanan yeni yönetim anlayışı ve usulleri ile işletmelerde performans seviyesinin aratabileceği ve böylelikle bir işletmede büyük yatırımlar yapmadan, sadece yönetici değişimi ve mevcut kaynakların optimal kullanılması ile verimlilik ve üretkenliğin arttırılabileceğidir. Bu tarz bir anlayışın bir yansıması ise Ankara X Süt Fabrikası’nda gerçekleşmiştir. X Süt Fabrikası genel müdürü, fabrika müdürü ve pazarlama müdürünün değişmesinden sonra işletmede mevcut sistem anlayışının değiştirilmesi ve mevcut kaynakların akılcı kullanımı sonucunda işletmede daha az girdi ile daha yüksek çıktı elde edilmesi sağlanmış ve verimlilik arttırılmıştır. İşletmenin günlük enerji tüketimi azalmış, ürün gamı genişlemiş, dağıtım ağı iyileştirilmiş, yeni şubelerin açılması ile satışlar artmış, fabrika kapasitesi yükselmiş ve bütün bunlar işletmeye artı değer ve yükselen kâr oranları olarak geri dönmeye başlamıştır. Araştırmanın vaka çalışması Ankara’da faaliyet gösteren X Süt Fabrikası olup, araştırma yöntemi ise üst düzey yöneticiler ile derinlemesine mülakat ile veri toplama tekniğidir.Article Uluslararası İşletmelerin Türkiye’ye Yatırımları Ve Belirleyici Etmenler(2013) Gökmen, AytaçKüreselleşmenin getirdiği, ülkeler ve işletmeler için önemli gelişmelerden biri, artık dünyanın dört bir yanında yatırım yapabilmenin olanaklı olmasıdır. Ancak, yatırım yapmak için ön koşul, talebi olan mal ve hizmetler sunmak ve bunları üretecek kaynaklara sahip olmaktır. Ülkelerin sahip oldukları kaynaklar ve diğer olanaklar ise uluslararası işletmelerin farklı yerlerde yatırım yapmalarını sağlar. Türkiye, Avrupa ve Asya’nın kesişme noktasında, birçok ülkeye ve bölgeye komşu bir coğrafyada yer almaktadır. Bu durum ise yerli ve yabancı işletmeleri yatırım yapıp, yeni pazarlara yönelimlerini sağlayabilmektir. Durum daha çok yabancı işletmeler açısından dikkate alındığında ise amaçlanan riskin en az, getirin en fazla olduğu yerlerde yatırım yapılmasıdır. Bu çalışmanın amacı ise, güvenilir yerli ve yabancı kaynaklara dayanarak, Türkiye’nin uluslararası işletmeler açısından sunduğu yatırım olanaklarını ve belirleyici etmenleri değerlendirmektirArticle Türkiye’de Reel İhracat Ve Ekonomik Büyüme Arasındaki İlişki: 1965–2009 Dönemi(2010) Temiz, DilekÇalışmada, reel ihracat ve ekonomik büyüme arasındaki nedensellik ilişkisi, 1965-2009 dönemi Türkiye’si açısından incelenmektedir. Johansen eşbütünleşme sınaması sonucunda, 1965-2009 döneminde Türkiye’de reel ihracat ile reel Gayri Safi Milli Hasıla (GSMH) arasında uzun dönemli bir denge ilişkisinin olduğu; vektör hata düzeltme modelinde, hata düzeltme katsayılarının negatif anlamlı olması dolayısıyla, reel GSMH artışı ile reel ihracat artışının uzun dönem zaman patikalarından sapmalarının kısa dönemli olduğu; Granger nedensellik sınaması sonucunda, değişkenler arasındaki kısa dönem nedensellik ilişkisinin, reel GSMH artışından reel ihracat artışına doğru olduğu görülmektedir. Dolayısıyla bu çalışmada, reel ihracat ve ekonomik büyüme arasında kısa dönemde ihracata dayalı büyüme hipotezini desteklemeyen, uzun dönemde ise destekleyen sonuçlara ulaşıldığı görülmektedir.Article Citation - WoS: 20Citation - Scopus: 29Virtual Business Operations, E-Commerce & Its Significance and the Case of Turkey: Current Situation and Its Potential(Springer, 2012) Gokmen, Aytac21(st) century is the age of high technologies penetrated into business leading to virtual businesses and e-commerce applications combined with electronic business (e-business) structures. Virtual businesses are independent and/or partly dependent organizations that have flexible and agile structures to respond the altering business conditions. Yet, electronic commerce (e-commerce) is the exchange of goods and services over the Internet. Both virtual businesses and e-commerce operations enable organizations to have fluid structures, modify the changing conditions, lower expenses, access to new markets and attain new consumers. The e-commerce applications have also been increasing in Turkey at a great pace but not significantly when compared to the total trade volume. For, the aim of this paper is to focus on the virtual businesses, e-commerce, harmonization of the conventional business structures with e-commerce and emphasize the importance of the e-commerce applications in Turkey resting on dependable national and international publications and data. With respect to the research made, it is possible to state that the e-commerce volume of Turkey is increasing as a remedy to cover the foreign trade deficit, but it is still not sufficient when compared to the total trade volume. Additionally, even though Turkey possesses an efficient e-government mechanism and e-signature law to enhance the volume of its e-commerce, the lack of cooperation among parties and standardization as well as the difficulty in adoption of digital transactions would be issues to be tackled in order to develop e-commerce in Turkey.