Uluslararası Ticaret Bölümü Yayın Koleksiyonu

Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12416/401

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Department: search.filters.department.Çankaya Üniversitesi, İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi, Uluslararası Ticaret BölümüInstitution Author: search.filters.institutionAuthor.Özşuca, Ekin Ayşe

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  • Article
    Fınancıalınclusıon In Turkey: Evıdence From Indıvıduallevel Data
    (2019) Özşuca, Ekin
    Using individual level data from the World Bank Global Findex for 2017, this study analyzes the levelof financial inclusion and explores its main determinants in Turkey. In particular, it explores how individualcharacteristics (i.e. gender, age, income, education) are associated with the usage of formal financial servicesand impinge on the perceived barriers to account ownership among financially excluded individuals in Turkey.The results of the study indicate that being man, older, richer and more educated increases the likelihood ofhaving a formal account and formal saving. Moreover, mobile banking is found to be driven by identicalindividual characteristics with that of other traditional formal financial services usage. As regards with the mainobstacles for not having a formal account, each one of the individual attributes seems to be significant inexplaining different voluntary and involuntary self-reported barriers behind financial exclusion. The findingsare of remarkable importance for designing policies to promote financial inclusion in Turkey.
  • Article
    What Explains Firm’s Access to Finance in Turkey?
    (2020) Özşuca Erenoğlu, Ekin Ayşe; Özşuca, Ekin Ayşe
    The relationship between the financial sector and private non-financial sector deserves particular attention given the incontestable importance of the private sector as an engine of economic growth and job creation. Notwithstanding this importance, however, the evidence is highly suggestive that Turkish firms are confronted with obstacles in accessing formal financial services. Along these lines, this paper provides new empirical evidence for the determinants of access to finance by the enterprises in Turkey. In particular, the study investigates some enterprise-specific characteristics that may have an impact on a firm’s ability in accessing finance to scrutinize whether Turkish firms are credit constrained. The empirical analysis is based on micro level data from the World Bank’s Enterprise Survey for the fiscal year 2019. Three different measures of credit constraint are computed; a subjective measure based on perception and two objective measures based on the usage of formal financial services and direct information on credit constraints. Employing both subjective and objective measures of credit provide means for assessing the extent to which and how key determinants among firms’ characteristics displays variation between enterprises categorized by alternative credit constraint measures. Overall, the findings of the study reveal that the age of the firm, experience of the current manager, female/foreign participation in ownership and exporter status are found to be significantly associated with the firm’s access to finance. Notably, the results display several differences in underlying firm level factors for credit situation among subcategories based on alternative credit indicators. The findings of the study are of remarkable importance for designing policy to improve firms’ credit constraints and advance bank-firm connectedness in Turkey.