WoS İndeksli Yayınlar Koleksiyonu
Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12416/8653
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Article A Metaverse-Based Fully Immersive Training for Temporomandibular Joint: A Pilot Study(Wiley, 2026) Ozcelik, Erol; Ekici, Saliha Zerdali; Basmaci, Fulya; Cagiltay, Nergiz Ercil; Kilicarslan, Mehmet AliObjective Understanding the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) can be challenging with conventional methods, as its complex anatomy, comprising the articular disc, mandibular condyle, and temporal bone, requires detailed visualisation. Traditional approaches like textbooks and static images often fall short, whereas modern tools such as 3D modelling and virtual reality (VR) offer more effective alternatives. Metaverse technology further enhances this by creating interactive, immersive and collaborative learning environments that simulate real-world experiences. While VR is increasingly used in dental education, research on fully immersive metaverse-based learning remains limited.Methods In this pilot study, a custom metaverse environment was developed to teach TMJ concepts. Then, the effectiveness of conventional and metaverse-based teaching methods in improving dental students' understanding of the TMJ was evaluated experimentally. A randomised trial was conducted with 120 first-year dental students, divided into three groups: classical lecturing, metaverse-based training and a combination of both.Results Findings indicate that students in the metaverse and combined groups outperformed those in the classical lecturing group, with no significant difference between the two metaverse-involved groups.Conclusions This suggests that for highly complex anatomical structures like the TMJ, metaverse-based training alone may be sufficient, eliminating the need for additional traditional instruction. The study highlights the metaverse's potential to enhance dental education by providing a fully 3D, interactive learning experience.Article Citation - WoS: 1Citation - Scopus: 1The Neural Correlates of Cognitive Load in Learning: an Fmri Study on Graph Comprehension(Pergamon-Elsevier Science Ltd, 2025) Ozcelik, ErolBackground: Cognitive load theory suggests that excessive demands on the human cognitive system can lead to cognitive overload and impaired learning. However, whilst the neural correlates of cognitive load are unclear, neuroimaging techniques such as functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) may help provide answers to these questions. Aims: Considering this potential, this study aims to investigate which brain structures are associated with cognitive load through conducting an fMRI study on graph comprehension. Sample: The study's sample consists of 15 undergraduate students. Methods: Based on a within-subjects design, participants answered comprehension questions using split (i.e., high cognitive load) and integrated (i.e., low cognitive load) graphs whilst undergoing a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan. Results: Participants exhibited lower levels of accuracy and slower reaction times with split graphs compared to integrated graphs. The fMRI data showed that cognitive load was associated with the frontoparietal network. More specifically, the multiple demand network revealed greater activation in graphs with higher cognitive load than those of lower cognitive load. Conclusions: These findings may indicate that a domain-general attentional brain network is responsible for cognitive load.Conference Object Do "cold" Cognitive or "hot" Emotional Factors Explain Consolidation in Post-Learning Stress(John Wiley & Sons Ltd, 2023) Ozcelik, Erol; Aydin, Oyku; Cengil, Betul B.; Tuncol, Aleyna S.Article Citation - WoS: 4Citation - Scopus: 3The Effect of Integrative Prequestions on Learning From Text: an Eye-Tracking Study(Routledge Journals, Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2024) Bostan, Esra; Ozcelik, ErolAsking questions before studying (i.e., prequestions) is an effective strategy for learning, but there is not enough evidence demonstrating how integrative prequestions lead to a general benefit of learning. Considering this need, this study aimed to reveal the underlying cognitive processes contributing to this learning benefit using eye movement measurements. This study included 24 adults aged 18-35. Half of the participants were randomly selected to answer integrative questions before reading the passage (Prequestion Group). The other half did not receive prequestions before reading (Control Group). The results show that answering integrative questions before reading enhances the learning of both prequestioned and non-prequestioned sentences. Eye movement data demonstrates that the Prequestion Group exhibited increased attention, with a greater fixation number and longer complete fixation time on prequestioned sentences than the Control Group, and they also displayed more gaze transitions between these sentences during reading due to combining information related to prequestions. Interestingly, the Prequestion Group achieved higher post-test scores on non-prequestioned sentences, even though they paid less attention to these items than the Control Group. These findings suggest that integrative prequestioning can be used as an active learning strategy for students to foster deeper cognitive processes through the integration of information.Article Citation - WoS: 3Citation - Scopus: 4Attention Mediates the Effect of Emotional Arousal on Learning Outcomes in Multimedia Learning: an Eye-Tracking Study(Routledge Journals, Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2023) Ozcelik, Erol; Aksaray, Sevgi Genc; Genc Aksaray, SevgiRecent findings from psychological studies have shown that emotional arousal improves human memory. However, more evidence is necessary if these results are generalisable to multimedia learning environments. Considering these needs, the study has the goal to examine the effect of emotional arousal on multimedia learning. Fifty-seven participants were presented with instructional materials with either high- or low-arousing words and pictures in an experimental study. The eye movements of participants were recorded while they studied the instructional materials to examine the online processes during learning. The results suggest that emotional arousal enhanced recall and transfer scores. The eye-tracking results demonstrate that emotional arousal attracted attention. The results of the mediation analysis suggest that fixation time on emotional pictures as an indicator of attention mediated the relationship between emotional arousal and learning outcomes. The findings show the importance of the guidance of attention by emotional multimedia elements for learning.Article Citation - WoS: 3Citation - Scopus: 5Enhancing Multimedia Learning by Emotional Arousal(Routledge Journals, Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2024) Arslan-Ari, Ismahan; Ozcelik, ErolSeveral studies in multimedia learning have examined the effect of emotional design. Recent findings from cognitive psychology provide opportunities for educators to use more direct ways of manipulating emotion to enhance learning. These studies have shown that emotionally arousing words and pictures are remembered better than neutral ones. Building upon these findings, this experimental study investigates the effect of arousal of instructional materials on learning. A total of 154 participants were randomly divided into a "high-emotional arousal" and a "low-emotional arousal" group in a between-subjects design. These results suggest that emotional arousal enhanced learning. Mediation analyses show that the effect of arousal on learning was partially mediated by interest. Accordingly, emotional arousal increased interest, which in turn improved transfer scores. The findings imply that motivational factors such as situational interest encouraged elaborative processing and deeper levels of learning. The direct effect of emotional arousal on learning was also significant.Article Citation - WoS: 18Citation - Scopus: 24Fusion of Smartphone Sensor Data for Classification of Daily User Activities(Springer, 2021) Ozcelik, Erol; Misra, Sanjay; Damasevicius, Robertas; Maskeliunas, Rytis; Sengul, GokhanNew mobile applications need to estimate user activities by using sensor data provided by smart wearable devices and deliver context-aware solutions to users living in smart environments. We propose a novel hybrid data fusion method to estimate three types of daily user activities (being in a meeting, walking, and driving with a motorized vehicle) using the accelerometer and gyroscope data acquired from a smart watch using a mobile phone. The approach is based on the matrix time series method for feature fusion, and the modified Better-than-the-Best Fusion (BB-Fus) method with a stochastic gradient descent algorithm for construction of optimal decision trees for classification. For the estimation of user activities, we adopted a statistical pattern recognition approach and used the k-Nearest Neighbor (kNN) and Support Vector Machine (SVM) classifiers. We acquired and used our own dataset of 354 min of data from 20 subjects for this study. We report a classification performance of 98.32 % for SVM and 97.42 % for kNN.Article Citation - WoS: 16Citation - Scopus: 15Construct and Face Validity of the Educational Computer-Based Environment (Ece) Assessment Scenarios for Basic Endoneurosurgery Skills(Springer, 2017) Ozcelik, Erol; Sengul, Gokhan; Berker, Mustafa; Cagiltay, Nergiz ErcilBackground In neurosurgery education, there is a paradigm shift from time-based training to criterion-based model for which competency and assessment becomes very critical. Even virtual reality simulators provide alternatives to improve education and assessment in neurosurgery programs and allow for several objective assessment measures, there are not many tools for assessing the overall performance of trainees. This study aims to develop and validate a tool for assessing the overall performance of participants in a simulation-based endoneurosurgery training environment. Methods A training program was developed in two levels: endoscopy practice and beginning surgical practice based on four scenarios. Then, three experiments were conducted with three corresponding groups of participants (Experiment 1, 45 (32 beginners, 13 experienced), Experiment 2, 53 (40 beginners, 13 experienced), and Experiment 3, 26 (14 novices, 12 intermediate) participants). The results analyzed to understand the common factors among the performance measurements of these experiments. Then, a factor capable of assessing the overall skill levels of surgical residents was extracted. Afterwards, the proposed measure was tested to estimate the experience levels of the participants. Finally, the level of realism of these educational scenarios was assessed. Results The factor formed by time, distance, and accuracy on simulated tasks provided an overall performance indicator. The prediction correctness was very high for the beginners than the one for experienced surgeons in Experiments 1 and 2. When non-dominant hand is used in a surgical procedure-based scenario, skill levels of surgeons can be better predicted. The results indicate that the scenarios in Experiments 1 and 2 can be used as an assessment tool for the beginners, and scenario-2 in Experiment 3 can be used as an assessment tool for intermediate and novice levels. It can be concluded that forming the balance between perceived action capacities and skills is critical for better designing and developing skill assessment surgical simulation tools.Article Citation - WoS: 9Citation - Scopus: 7The Underlying Reasons of the Navigation Control Effect on Performance in a Virtual Reality Endoscopic Surgery Training Simulator(Taylor & Francis inc, 2019) Ozcelik, Erol; Berker, Mustafa; Dalveren, Gonca Gokce Menekse; Cagiltay, Nergiz Ercil; Menekse Dalveren, Gonca GokceNavigation control skills of surgeons become very critical for surgical procedures. Strategies improving these skills are important for developing higher-quality surgical training programs. In this study, the underlying reasons of the navigation control effect on performance in a virtual reality-based navigation environment are evaluated. The participants' performance is measured in conditions: navigation control display and paper-map display. Performance measures were collected from 45 beginners and experienced residents. The results suggest that navigation display significantly improved performance of the participants. Also, navigation was more beneficial for beginners than experienced participants. The underlying reason of the better performance in the navigation condition was due to lower number of looks to the map, which causes attention shifts between information sources. Accordingly, specific training scenarios and user interfaces can be developed to improve the navigation skills of the beginners considering some strategies to lower their number of references to the information sources.