WoS İndeksli Yayınlar Koleksiyonu
Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12416/8653
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Article Citation - WoS: 4Citation - Scopus: 3The Effect of Integrative Prequestions on Learning From Text: an Eye-Tracking Study(Routledge Journals, Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2024) Bostan, Esra; Ozcelik, ErolAsking questions before studying (i.e., prequestions) is an effective strategy for learning, but there is not enough evidence demonstrating how integrative prequestions lead to a general benefit of learning. Considering this need, this study aimed to reveal the underlying cognitive processes contributing to this learning benefit using eye movement measurements. This study included 24 adults aged 18-35. Half of the participants were randomly selected to answer integrative questions before reading the passage (Prequestion Group). The other half did not receive prequestions before reading (Control Group). The results show that answering integrative questions before reading enhances the learning of both prequestioned and non-prequestioned sentences. Eye movement data demonstrates that the Prequestion Group exhibited increased attention, with a greater fixation number and longer complete fixation time on prequestioned sentences than the Control Group, and they also displayed more gaze transitions between these sentences during reading due to combining information related to prequestions. Interestingly, the Prequestion Group achieved higher post-test scores on non-prequestioned sentences, even though they paid less attention to these items than the Control Group. These findings suggest that integrative prequestioning can be used as an active learning strategy for students to foster deeper cognitive processes through the integration of information.Article Citation - WoS: 3Citation - Scopus: 4Attention Mediates the Effect of Emotional Arousal on Learning Outcomes in Multimedia Learning: an Eye-Tracking Study(Routledge Journals, Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2023) Ozcelik, Erol; Aksaray, Sevgi Genc; Genc Aksaray, SevgiRecent findings from psychological studies have shown that emotional arousal improves human memory. However, more evidence is necessary if these results are generalisable to multimedia learning environments. Considering these needs, the study has the goal to examine the effect of emotional arousal on multimedia learning. Fifty-seven participants were presented with instructional materials with either high- or low-arousing words and pictures in an experimental study. The eye movements of participants were recorded while they studied the instructional materials to examine the online processes during learning. The results suggest that emotional arousal enhanced recall and transfer scores. The eye-tracking results demonstrate that emotional arousal attracted attention. The results of the mediation analysis suggest that fixation time on emotional pictures as an indicator of attention mediated the relationship between emotional arousal and learning outcomes. The findings show the importance of the guidance of attention by emotional multimedia elements for learning.