Uluslararası Ticaret Bölümü Yayın Koleksiyonu
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Browsing Uluslararası Ticaret Bölümü Yayın Koleksiyonu by Author "52039"
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Article 1980 Sonrası Türkiye’de Uygulanan Teknoloji Politikaları ve Türkiye Açısından Teknolojik Gelişme Göstergeleri(2020) Dinç, Dilek Temiz; 52039Günümüzde sürdürülebilir bir büyüme ve kalkınma için iyi planlanmış ve uygulanmış bilim ve teknoloji politikalarına ihtiyaç duyulmaktadır. Özellikle 1980 sonrasında dışa açılmayla birlikte teknolojik gelişmelere daha fazla önem verilmeye başlanmasından dolayı, bu çalışmada ilk olarak 1980 sonrası Türkiye’de uygulanan teknoloji politikaları beş yıllık kalkınma planları çerçevesinde incelenmiştir. Bilim ve teknoloji politikaları bir girdi olarak kabul edilirse, teknolojik gelişme göstergeleri bir çıktı olarak kabul edilebilir. Bu bakımdan çalışmanın ikinci kısmında, Türkiye için teknolojik gelişme göstergeleri bağlamında genel bir değerlendirme yapılması amaçlanmıştır. Çalışmadan, Türkiye’nin diğer dünya ülkeleriyle rekabet gücünü artırması yolunda, üniversite-sanayi işbirliklerine daha çok önem vermesi, Gayri Safi Yurtiçi Hasıladan (GSYH) Ar-Ge faaliyetlerine daha çok pay ayırması, Ar-Ge araştırmacı sayısını arttırması, patent sayılarını arttırabilmek için bu konudakiteşvik uygulamalarının yeniden ele alınması ve bütün bunlar içinde öncelikle kurumsallaşmış, gelişmelere ve değişmelere hızla uyum sağlayabilecek bilim ve teknoloji politikalarının oluşturulması ve hayata geçirilmesi gerekliliği sonucuna ulaşılmıştır.Article Born Global Firms: A Foreign Trade Related Study on Turkey(2013) Gökmen, Aytaç; Temiz, Dilek; 17660; 52039; Uluslararası Ticaret ve FinansmanWith the comprehensive advent in information and communication technologies and worldwide ease of transportation, the volume of international trade and business increased profoundly. Within this process, a Born Global Firm (BGF), right from its initiation, aims at creating competitive advantage by marketing a large volume of its products in various international markets by utilizing technological advances. Therefore, the rational behind the idea of BGF is to become an international firm in a short period of time and making international business affairs core of its business activities. Thus, the aim of this study is to review the concept of BGF theoretically and relate the issue to foreign trade affairs resting on significant sources related to the Turkish case mainly focusing on trade statistics as to review the potential development of BGFs in Turkey.Book Part Citation - Scopus: 0Digital economy: The correlation between digital technology and economic growth-an emperical application(IGI Global, 2023) Dinç, D.; Gökmen, Aytaç; Gökmen, A.; 52039; 17660; Uluslararası Ticaret ve FinansmanThe aim of this study is to explain the concept of digital economy and to examine the effect of digital technology on economic growth. In the study, the causality relationship between digital technology and economic growth in the Turkish economy for the period 2004-2021 was investigated with the Toda-Yamamoto test. As a result of the study, according to 10% significance level, bidirectional causality between internet usage-economic growth, computer usage-economic growth, and one-way causality between mobile line usage and economic growth from mobile line usage to economic growth was determined. No causal relationship was found between website ownership and economic growth in enterprises. According to the 5% significance level, a one-way causality relationship was determined from only computer and internet use to economic growth. © 2023, IGI Global. All rights reserved.Article Citation - WoS: 35Citation - Scopus: 43Dynamic linkages between renewable energy, carbon emissions and economic growth through nonlinear ARDL approach: Evidence from Iran(Public Library Science, 2021) Karimi, M. S.; Ahmad, S.; Karamelikli, H.; Dinc, D. T.; Khan, Y. A.; Sabzehei, M. T.; Abbas, S. Z.; 52039This study examines the relationship between economic growth, renewable energy consumption, and carbon emissions in Iran between 1975-2017, and the bounds testing approach to cointegration and the asymmetric method was used in this study. The results reveal that in the long run increase in renewable energy consumption and CO2 emissions causes an increase in real GDP per capita. Meanwhile, the decrease in renewable energy has the same effect, but GDP per capita reacts more strongly to the rise in renewable energy than the decline. Besides, in the long run, a reduction of CO2 emissions has an insignificant impact on GDP per capita. Furthermore, the results from asymmetric tests suggest that reducing CO2 emissions and renewable energy consumption do not have an essential role in decreasing growth in the short run. In contrast, an increase in renewable energy consumption and CO2 emissions do contribute to boosting the growth. These results may be attributable to the less renewable energy in the energy portfolio of Iran. Additionally, the coefficients on capital and labor are statistically significant, and we discuss the economic implications of the results and propose specific policy recommendations.Conference Object Enflasyonun Toplam Otomobil Üretimi Üzerine Etkisi Türkiye Örneği(2009) Temiz, Dilek; 52039; Uluslararası Ticaret ve FinansmanArticle Citation - Scopus: 14Export-led economic growth and the case of Brazil: An empirical research(Routledge, 2019) Temiz Dinç, D.; Gökmen, Aytaç; Gökmen, A.; 52039; 17660; Uluslararası Ticaret ve FinansmanThe world has been globalized much more than ever before and this process integrates the economies of countries. Moreover, one means of integrating the economies of countries is trade. In this instance, the export-led economic growth emerges as a considerable determinant. Export-led economic growth is beneficial for the countries since it facilitates the inflow of foreign exchange, increases production, creates new employment opportunities and enhances the overall commercial volume. In this study, the correlation between export-led economic growth is explored for Brazil. Therefore, according to the findings of this paper as well as econometric and statistical applications, there is a bi-directional causality in Brazil since 1960s between economic development and exports in the long-run (this could also be termed as feedback); furthermore, in the short-run, there is export-led economic growth. The novelty of this paper is that, it is one of the latest studies investigating export-led economic growth for Brazil. © 2019, © 2019 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.Article Fdı Inflow And Operatıons Of Multı Natıonal Enterprıses & Prıvatızatıon Polıcıes Of Turkey: The Effect Of The Process On The Performance Of The Turkısh Economy(2012) Gökmen, Aytaç; Temiz, Dilek; 52039; 17660; Uluslararası Ticaret ve FinansmanMal ve sermaye akışı özellikle II. Dünya Savaşı'nın sona ermesi ile hızlanmış, doğrudan yabancı sermaye (DYS) yatırımlarının birikimini ve bununla birlikte dünyanın pek çok yerinde de çokuluslu işletmelerin (ÇUİŞ) uğraşılarının artmasını kolaylaştırmıştır. Ancak, DYS yatırımlarının önemli bir devinim kazanması 1980'ler sonrasında olmuştur. DYS yatırımlarının özellikle gelişmiş ülkelerden gelişen ülkelere akması bilgi, teknik beceri, teknoloji, finansal sermaye ve insan kaynağı aktarımını kolaylaştırmış ve de ülkelerin iktisaden gelişmesine ve kalkınmasına katkıda bulunmuştur. Türkiye açısındansa, DYS yatırımları 1980 öncesi çok önem kazanamamış, 1990'lar sonrası artmaya başlamış ve ancak 2000'ler sonrası özelleştirme uygulamaları ile tepe yapmıştır. Türkiye'de DYS politikaları ve özelleştirme, 2002 yılı sonbaharında Adalet ve Kalkınma Partisi (AKP) Hükümeti'nin iktidara gelmesi ile büyük önem kazanmıştır. Türkiye'de birçok çevre AKP'nin DYS ve özelleştirme politikalarının başarılı olduğunu iddia etmektedir. Ancak, çeşitli makroekonomik değerler göz önüne alındığında AKP'nin özelleştirme politikalarının Türkiye Cumhuriyeti'nin ekonomik gücü ve bağımsızlığı açısından bir başarısızlık olduğu söylenebilir. Dolayısı ile, bu çalışmanın amacı DYS kuramı üzerinde durarak, Türkiye'nin DYS ve özelleştirme politikalarını eleştirel açıdan tenkit etmek ve bu konudaki AKP politikalarının başarısızlığını ortaya koymaktırArticle Citation - WoS: 59Citation - Scopus: 74FDI inflow as an international business operation by MNCs and economic growth: an empirical study on Turkey(Elsevier Science Bv, 2014) Temiz, Dilek; Temiz, Dilek; Gokmen, Aytac; Gökmen, Aytaç; 52039; 17660; Uluslararası Ticaret ve FinansmanThe issue of foreign direct investment (FDI) has been affecting the world economy for years and is a considerable subject for both developed and developing countries. FDI is the fixed form of international business operation made across the national borders made mostly by the multi national corporations (MNCs). The positive impact of FDI inflow in a host country is expected to emerge as capital accumulation, technology transfer, know-how acquisition, innovative capacity and economic growth eventually. In this study, it is aimed to address the FDI literature depending on comprehensive international publications and then to analyze the FDI inflow and GDP growth in Turkey with econometric methods. The relation between FDI inflow and GDP growth is analyzed by using the Johansen cointegration test and Granger causality analysis. Afterwards, a regression equation is estimated by using the ordinary least squares method (OLS). Prior to applying the Cointegration test, the stationarity and integration degrees of the series are determined by the augmented Dickey-Fuller test (ADF). Consequently, resting on the results of entire analysis, it is possible to mention that no significant relation is determined between the FDI inflow and GDP growth in Turkey both in the short and long run. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.Article Foreign direct investment & its correlation to economics: The case of Brazil(2019) Gökmen, Aytaç; Gökmen, Aytaç; 52039; 17660; Uluslararası Ticaret ve FinansmanCapital accumulation is the first and foremost important factor to induce economic growth and development in a country. Yet, not every country in the world is bestowed with abundant capital. Thus, in this instance foreign direct investment (FDI) emerges as a good option to supply the necessary amount of capital to countries which are deprived of the necessary capital stock. Moreover, FDI, besides being a catalyst of economic development, is a significant means of transferring technology, knowledge, managerial know-how and constitutes new potentials to create employment opportunities, increase the production volume and enhance the foreign trade balance. Furthermore, the impact of FDI inflow on the economic growth is researched in this paper for Brazil by means of utilizing various econometric methods for the period of 1970–2017. According to the results of this study there is no positive causality between economic growth and FDI inflow in the short-run. Yet, there is a positive and significant causality between FDI inflow and economic growth in the long-run as well as this stems from the fact that investments lead to positive results gradually in the long-term which also means that investments shall be converted into production as much as possible. Moreover, the novelty of this paper is that it is one of the most up-to-date studies to research FDI–economic growth correlation on Brazil in the literature.Article Citation - Scopus: 4Foreign Direct Investment & Its Correlation to Economics: The case of Brazil(Routledge, 2019) Dinç, D.T.; Gökmen, Aytaç; Gökmen, A.; 52039; 17660; Uluslararası Ticaret ve FinansmanCapital accumulation is the first and foremost important factor to induce economic growth and development in a country. Yet, not every country in the world is bestowed with abundant capital. Thus, in this instance foreign direct investment (FDI) emerges as a good option to supply the necessary amount of capital to countries which are deprived of the necessary capital stock. Moreover, FDI, besides being a catalyst of economic development, is a significant means of transferring technology, knowledge, managerial know-how and constitutes new potentials to create employment opportunities, increase the production volume and enhance the foreign trade balance. Furthermore, the impact of FDI inflow on the economic growth is researched in this paper for Brazil by means of utilizing various econometric methods for the period of 1970–2017. According to the results of this study there is no positive causality between economic growth and FDI inflow in the short-run. Yet, there is a positive and significant causality between FDI inflow and economic growth in the long-run as well as this stems from the fact that investments lead to positive results gradually in the long-term which also means that investments shall be converted into production as much as possible. Moreover, the novelty of this paper is that it is one of the most up-to-date studies to research FDI–economic growth correlation on Brazil in the literature. © 2019, © 2019 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.Article Citation - Scopus: 10Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) and Export Relation in Turkey: 1991–2010(2011) Temiz, Dilek; Temiz, D.; Gökmen, A.; Gökmen, Aytaç; 17660; 52039; Uluslararası Ticaret ve FinansmanForeign direct investment (FDI) is an important element in development of economic power with regard to growth. FDI is an efficient tool to transfer new technologies, managerial skills, knowledge, capital flow and so on. On the other hand, exportation is another means to integrate the economy of a country with that of the world and secure economic growth as well enhancing economic advantages. In this article, we attempt to research the relationship between FDI and export. The article begins with the definition of FDI theory, explains the motives fostering FDI, FDI and Turkey, FDI and export relation theoretically, and concludes with an empirical analysis of FDI and export in Turkey. The empirical research investigates the relationship between export and FDI by using monthly time series data for the Turkish economy over the period from December 1991 to October 2010. The study applies of the following econometric techniques: unit root test, Johansen cointegration test, vector error correction model (VECM), and Granger causality test. The cointegration analysis suggests long-run equilibrium relationship between the examined variables. The results of the Granger causality test showed a causal relationship between these variables. The causality results are consistent with the results reported by the vector error correction model (VECM). © Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.Article Citation - Scopus: 5Foreign Direct Investment and Its Impact on Economic Performance: The Case of Turkey and Nigeria(Routledge, 2015) Temiz, Dilek; Temiz, D.; Gökmen, A.; Gökmen, Aytaç; Abubakar, M.S.; 52039; 17660; Uluslararası Ticaret ve FinansmanForeign Direct Investment (FDI) has been affecting global business affairs for decades. A country, whether developed or developing, necessitates more FDI entry than other countries because the FDI inflow may bring certain advantages such as capital accumulation, knowledge, know-how transfer, and obtainment of updated technology. Thus, the entry of FDI into a host country is expected to reveal positive aftermaths. The objective of this study is to analyze the impact of FDI entry into Nigeria and Turkey for the years 1970–2012 by using econometric methods such as VAR, VECM, unit root test, cointegration test, causality test, impulse-response functions, and variance decomposition. As a result, it was estimated that there is no positive impact of FDI entry on economic growth in Nigeria and in Turkey. © 2015, Copyright © Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.Article Foreign Direct Investment Operations of International Businesses and Their Impact in Turkey(2020) Yurtseven, Ömer; Gökmen, Aytaç; Gökmen, Aytaç; 52039; Uluslararası Ticaret ve FinansmanThe Republic of Turkey is located at the crossroads of many trade and investment routes, converging East with the West and North with the South. However, Turkey is not self-sufficient with respect to capital formation. As a result, it wishes to obtain the deficient part of the capital stock from foreign sources, mainly from foreign direct investment (FDI). The purpose of this paper is to examine the FDI inflows to the Turkish Republic and its effect on economic growth by employing the augmented Dickey-Fuller test, Phillips-Perron, Kwiatkowski, Phillips, Schmidt, Shin unit root tests, and least squares method. The results indicate that FDI inflows to Turkey bring about economic growth.Article Fresh Fruit and Vegetable Exportation of Turkey and its Contribution to the Economic Growth(2018) Gökmen, Aytaç; Gökmen, Aytaç; Soygür, Seda; 52039; 17660; Uluslararası Ticaret ve FinansmanEconomic growth is indispensable for the development of a country and welfare of its citizens. Economic activities can be improved with the enhancement of business sectors within its structure. Furthermore, exportation is a substantial means of reinforcing economic growth. In this research, the correlation between the fresh fruit & vegetable exportation and the economic growth of the Republic of Turkey is examined. Certain econometric methods as Augmented Dickey Fuller (ADF) test, Unit Root test, Phillips-Perron (PP) Unit Root test, Kwiatkowski, Phillips, Schmidt, Shin (KPSS) Unit Root test, Vector Auto-regression Analysis (VAR), Co-integration Analysis, Error Correction Model (VECM), Impulse-response Functions and Variance Decomposition Analysis are employed to research the correlation for the 2004 Q1-2015 Q4 period. It was concluded that the exportation of fresh fruits and vegetables have a favorable contribution to the economic growth of the Republic of Turkey in the long-run.Article Sigara Tüketimini Etkileyen Faktörler Üzerine Bir Uygulama: Türkiye Örneği(2010) Temiz, Dilek; 52039; Uluslararası Ticaret ve FinansmanTürkiye sigara tüketiminde başta gelen ülkelerden birisidir. Günümüzde, sigara geleneksel bir tüketim maddesi halini almış durumdadır. Bu çalışmadaki amaç, 1980-2008 dönemi için, Türkiye’de sigara tüketimini etkileyen faktörleri bir ekonometrik model çerçevesinde incelemektir. Oluşturulan sigara tüketim modelinde, GSMH, işsiz nüfus, 15 yaş ve üstü nüfus, şehir nüfusu, kır nüfusu ve sigara fiyatı sigara tüketimini etkileyen önemli değişkenler olarak alınmıştır. Bu değişkenler ile sigara tüketimi arasındaki ilişki En Küçük Kareler (EKK) yöntemiyle tahmin edilmiştir. EKK yöntemi sonucunda Türkiye’de sigara tüketimiyle işsiz nüfus ve sigara fiyatları ile sigara tüketimi arasında ters yönlü ilişkilerin olduğu; kentleşme oranının sigara tüketiminin azalmasında önemli derecede rol oynadığı; 15 yaş ve üstü nüfus ile GSMH’nin ise sigara tüketimini artıran en önemli değişkenler olduğu sonuçlarına ulaşılmıştır. Elde edilen sonuçlara göre, sigara tüketimini azaltmak için, Türkiye’de sigara fiyatlarının enflasyon oranının üzerinde arttırılması önerilebilir. Ayrıca, Türkiye’de sanayileşmenin yaygınlaşmasının şehirleşme oranını ve yüksek eğitimli okumuş insan sayısını arttırması ve geleneksel sigara tüketimi alışkanlığının böylelikle değişmesi de mümkün görünmektedirArticle Citation - WoS: 2Citation - Scopus: 2Symmetric and asymmetric relationship between maritime transportation and foreign trade volume(inderscience Enterprises Ltd, 2021) Dinc, Dilek Temiz; Karamelikli, Huseyin; 52039In this study, the short and the long-run relationship between maritime transportation and foreign trade volume and also the linear and nonlinear characteristics of this relationship were investigated. Linear relations between maritime transportation and foreign trade volume were analysed by the autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) model, and nonlinear relations were analysed by the nonlinear autoregressive distributed lag (NARDL) model by using monthly data between 2004 and 2018 in Turkey. According to the results, it was revealed that only the short-run asymmetry and long-run symmetry model was statistically valid and that results should be taken into consideration.Book Tasarruf, Sürdürülebilir Büyüme ve Teknolojik Gelişme(İmaj Yayınevi, 2017) Erdoğdu, Oya S.; Temiz Dinç, Dilek; Attar, M. Aykut; 52039Article The 2000-2001 Financial Crisis In Turkey And The Global Economic Crisis of 2008-2009: Reasons And Comparisons(2009) Temiz, Dilek; Gökmen, Aytaç; 52039; 17660; Uluslararası Ticaret ve FinansmanThe economic crisis of 2000-2001 was proved to be demolishing for Turkey after the abundance of currency peg in the same year. The crisis in question stemmed from insufficient implementation of regulations, inadequate depth of the capital markets, lack of assessment of risk, excessive lending to incorporated institutions by national banks, restricted interest rates, monitored foreign exchange operations, limited foreign asset holding, lack of competition, barriers to foreign entry & high liquidity, chronic inflation and a deficit in balance of payments. However, the crisis that Turkey was subject to in 2008-2009 was quite different than the previous ones as to be a result of world matters. The sparking effect begun in the USA at the mortgage market, the fail of the mortgage market negatively influenced the capital, stock and derivative markets and spread the world. Thus, this study aims to analyze and reveal the reflections of the 2000-2001 and 2008-2009 crises and their comparison with regards to Turkey on theoretical basis resting on numerous comprehensive and credible national and international publicationsBook The Effect of Container Shipping on the Turkish Economy(Kriter Yayınevi, 2019) Gökmen, Aytaç; Temiz Dinç, Dilek; Gökmen, Aytaç; Bilir, Hakan; 17660; 52039; Uluslararası Ticaret ve FinansmanBook Part The Effect of Net FDI Inflow on Economic Growth in Turkey: An Application With Toda-Yamamoto Approach(2022) Temiz, Dilek; Gökmen, Aytaç; 52039; 17660; Uluslararası Ticaret ve FinansmanCapital is one of the first and foremost requisites of economic development for every country in this world. However, not every country is given abundant capital. Foreign direct investment (FDI) occurs as a good cure to solve capital-related issues. In this study, the net FDI inflow and economic growth correlation was researched in Turkey for the period of 2010:1-2018:3 by employing quarterly data as well as applying the Augmented Dickey Fuller Test (ADF); Phillips-Perron (PP); Kwiatkowski, Phillips, Schmidt, Shin (KPSS); Elliott, Rothenberg, and Stock (ERS) Point Optimal; Ng-Perron Unit Root Tests; and Toda-Yamamoto Causality Tests. According to the findings of the study, there is a unidirectional causality running from net FDI to economic growth in Turkey.
