Browsing by Author "Kocak, Eyup"

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Citation - WoS: 12
Citation - Scopus: 13
A Comparative Study of Multiple Regression and Machine Learning Techniques for Prediction of Nanofluid Heat Transfer
(Asme, 2022) Kocak, Eyup; Türkoğlu, Haşmet; Ayli, Ece; Turkoglu, Hasmet; 283455; 265836; 12941
The aim of this article is to introduce and discuss prediction power of the multiple regression technique, artificial neural network (ANN), and adaptive neuro-fuzzy interface system (ANFIS) methods for predicting the forced convection heat transfer characteristics of a turbulent nanofluid flow in a pipe. Water and Al2O3 mixture is used as the nanofluid. Utilizing fluent software, numerical computations were performed with volume fraction ranging between 0.3% and 5%, particle diameter ranging between 20 and 140 nm, and Reynolds number ranging between 7000 and 21,000. Based on the computationally obtained results, a correlation is developed for the Nusselt number using the multiple regression method. Also, based on the computational fluid dynamics results, different ANN architectures with different number of neurons in the hidden layers and several training algorithms (Levenberg-Marquardt, Bayesian regularization, scaled conjugate gradient) are tested to find the best ANN architecture. In addition, ANFIS is also used to predict the Nusselt number. In the ANFIS, number of clusters, exponential factor, and membership function (MF) type are optimized. The results obtained from multiple regression correlation, ANN, and ANFIS were compared. According to the obtained results, ANFIS is a powerful tool with a R-2 of 0.9987 for predictions.
Citation - WoS: 0
Citation - Scopus: 0
A Comprehensive Review of Cyclone Separator Technology
(Wiley, 2024) Ayli, Ece; Kocak, Eyup
This review article examines the working principles, optimal dimensions, effects of key parameters, and the results of experimental/numerical studies on cyclone separators. Investigations have been conducted on the effects of parameters such as vortex finder diameter, conical part diameter, cyclone separator diameter, cylinder height, inlet height, inlet width, vortex finder length, and cyclone total length on efficiency, performance, and pressure drop. Furthermore, the article explores current modifications and efforts to improve efficiency. These modifications include adding water nozzles, inserting ribs, employing double-stage cyclones, incorporating additional inlets, using finned cylinder bodies, adding extra top inlets, introducing liquid jets, employing helical roof inlets, adding laminarizers, incorporating internal spiral vanes, and employing slotted vortex finders. While serving as a guide to optimize the design and performance of cyclone separators, this article emphasizes new and innovative approaches to enhance their industrial applicability. By compiling studies conducted from conceptual birth to the present, the aim of this article is to serve as a guidebook.
Citation - WoS: 8
Citation - Scopus: 10
Developing and Implementation of an Optimization Technique for Solar Chimney Power Plant With Machine Learning
(Asme, 2021) Ulucak, Oguzhan; Beldek, Ulaş; Kocak, Eyup; Bayer, Ozgur; Beldek, Ulas; Yapic, Ekin Ozgirgin; Ayli, Ece; 59950; 31329; 265836
Green energy has seen a huge surge of interest recently due to various environmental and financial reasons. To extract the most out of a renewable system and to go greener, new approaches are evolving. In this paper, the capability of Artificial Neural Network and Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System in geometrical optimization of a solar chimney power plant (SCPP) to enhance generated power is investigated to reduce the time cost and errors when optimization is performed with numerical or experimental methods. It is seen that both properly constructed artificial neural networks (ANN) and adaptive-network-based fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) optimized geometries give higher performance than the numerical results. Also, to validate the accuracy of the ANN and ANFIS predictions, the obtained results are compared with the numerical results. Both soft computing methods over predict the power output values with MRE values of 12.36% and 7.25% for ANN and ANFIS, respectively. It is seen that by utilizing ANN and ANFIS algorithms, more power can be extracted from the SCPP system compared to conventional computational fluid dynamics (CFD) optimized geometry with trying a lot more geometries in a notably less time when it is compared with the numerical technique. It is worth mentioning that the optimization method that is developed can be implemented to all engineering problems that need geometric optimization to maximize or minimize the objective function.
Citation - WoS: 3
Citation - Scopus: 2
Energy recovery using pumps as turbines in water supply systems: A case study
(Emerald Group Publishing Ltd, 2022) Kocak, Eyup; Karaaslan, Salih; Andrade-Campos, A. Gil; Yucel, Nuri; 283455
An investigation was undertaken into energy recovery from water supply systems (WSSs) using pumps that can work in reverse as turbines. Napoli Est network in Italy was selected as a case study. To find the optimal locations for the installation of reversible pumps in the network, a methodology was developed and implemented using computer programming and hydraulic simulation software. A technical feasibility analysis was conducted to create different scenarios for implementation and a suitable pump was designed using computational fluid dynamics. Pump mode and reverse mode operation were simulated numerically and the performance was improved. Financial analysis showed that energy production in WSSs using pumps as turbines is a profitable alternative to traditional turbines and a renewable solution for the world's growing energy needs.
Citation - WoS: 1
Citation - Scopus: 1
Investigation of aerodynamic and aeroacoustic behavior of bio-inspired airfoils with numerical and experimental methods
(Sage Publications Ltd, 2024) Aylı, Ülkü Ece; Guzey, Kaan; Ayli, Ulku Ece; Koçak, Eyup; Kocak, Eyup; Aradag, Selin; 265836; 283455
This article presents numerical and experimental studies on the aerodynamic and aeroacoustic characteristics of the NACA0012 profile with owl-inspired leading-edge serrations for aeroacoustic control. The leading-edge serrations under investigation are in a sinusoidal profile with two main design parameters of wavelength and amplitude. The noise-suppressing ability of sinusoidal serrations is a function of several parameters such as amplitude, wavelength, inflow speed, angle of attack, which are examined in this study. Amplitude (A) and wavelength (& lambda;) of the serration are varied between 1.25 and 2.5, 20 < & lambda; < 60, respectively. The corresponding Reynolds numbers are between 1 and 3 x 10(5). The angle of attack for each configuration is changed between 4 & DEG; and 16 & DEG;. Forty different configurations are tested. According to the results, owl-inspired leading-edge serrations can be used as aeroacoustic control add-ons in blade designs for wind turbines, aircraft, and fluid machinery. Results show that the narrower and sharper serrations have a better noise reduction effect. Overall sound pressure level (SPL) reduces up to 20% for the configuration with the largest amplitude and smaller wavelength. The results also showed that serration amplitude had a distinct effect on aeroacoustic performance, whereas wavelength is a function of amplitude. At the smaller angle of attack values, AOA < 8 & DEG;, the lift and drag coefficients are almost the same for both clean and wavy profiles. On the other hand, typically for angle of attack values more than 12 & DEG; (after stall), when the angle of attack is increased, serration adversely affects aerodynamic performance.
Citation - WoS: 5
Citation - Scopus: 6
Machine Learning Based Developing Flow Control Technique Over Circular Cylinders
(Asme, 2023) Koçak, Eyup; Ayli, Ece; Kocak, Eyup; Türkoğlu, Haşmet; Turkoglu, Hasmet; 265836; 283455; 12941
This paper demonstrates the feasibility of blowing and suction for flow control based on the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations at a low Reynolds number flows. The effects of blowing and suction position, and the blowing and suction mass flowrate, and on the flow control are presented in this paper. The optimal conditions for suppressing the wake of the cylinder are investigated by examining the flow separation and the near wake region; analyzing the aerodynamic force (lift and drag) fluctuations using the fast Fourier transform (FFT) to separate the effects of small-scale turbulent structures in the wake region. A method for stochastic analysis using machine learning techniques is proposed. Three different novel machine learning methods were applied to CFD results to predict the variation in drag coefficient due to the vortex shedding. Although, the prediction power of all the methods utilized is in the acceptable accuracy range, the Gaussian process regression (GPR) method is more accurate with an R-2(coefficient of determination) > 0.95. The results indicate that by optimizing the blowing and suction parameters like mass flowrate, slot location, and the slot configuration, up to 20% reduction can be achieved in the drag coefficient.
Citation - WoS: 0
Citation - Scopus: 0
Numerical Investigation Of Rod-Airfoil Configuration Aeroacoustic Characteristics Using Ffowcs-Williams-Hawkings Equations
(Yildiz Technical Univ, 2021) Ayli, Ece; Türkoğlu, Haşmet; Kocak, Eyup; Turkoglu, Hasmet; 12941
The rod-airfoil configuration is a fundamental study to understand sound generation processes and the acoustic phenomena in the application of turbines, fans, and airfoils. In the present research, the noise that is originated by the rod-airfoil configuration is examined using numerical methods which are Large Eddy Simulation (LES), and Reynolds Averaged Navier Stokes (RANS) models, coupled with an FFOWCS-WILLIAMS-HAWKINGS (FW-H) technique. For the RANS method, k-omega SST and Spalart Allmaras (S-A) turbulence models are utilized in order to investigate the capability of different models for the analysis of the aeroacoustic flow field. The ANSYS FLUENT solver is chosen to carry out the numerical simulations. The examined rod and chord diameter Reynolds numbers are 48000 and 480000, respectively and the Mach number is 0.2. Results are obtained for both in the near field and acoustic far-field. The obtained numerical results are verified with an experimental study from the literature, and the results of both approaches are compared with each other and the experiment. Comparisons are performed for mean velocity profiles in the rod and airfoil wakes, pressure spectra and power spectral density. The results obtained show that LES is preferable for this problem as it is capable of capturing the flow separation, reattachments, vortex street, and various length scales of turbulence. Although both RANS and LES methods provide a consistent flow field with experimental methods, the RANS approach overestimates the vortex shedding frequency and Strouhal number. The RANS model predicts the flow field well; however, it overestimates the noise spectra. The LES model predicts satisfactory acoustic spectra.
Citation - WoS: 1
Citation - Scopus: 1
Performance Determination of Axial Wind Tunnel Fan with Reverse Engineering, Numerical and Experimental Methods
(Asme, 2022) Kocak, Eyup; Koçak, Eyup; Ayli, Ece; 283455; 265836
In today's technology, in case of the need for rehabilitation, renovation, or damage, it is necessary to recover the problems quickly with a cost-effective approach. In the case of destructive failure, or misdesign of the devices, replacing the problematic part with the new design is crucial. In order to substitute the related part with the efficient one, reverse engineering (RE) methodology is utilized. In this paper, from the perspective of engineering implementation and based on the idea of reverse engineering, axial wind tunnel fan is rehabilitated using numerical and experimental methods. The current study is focused on an axial pressurization fan placed into Cankaya University Mechanical Engineering Laboratory wind tunnel that has firm guaranteed specifications of 5.55 m(3)/s airflow capacity. The measurements performed during experiments showed that the fan provides less than 60% airflow compared with firm guaranteed specifications. In order to determine the problems of the existing fan, a reverse engineering methodology is developed, and the noncontact data acquisition method is used to form a computer aided drawing (CAD) model. A computational fluid dynamics (CFD) methodology is developed to analyze existing geometry numerically, and results are compared with an experimental study to verify numerical methodology. According to the results, the prediction accuracy of the numerical method can attain 92.95% and 96.38% for flowrate and efficiency, respectively, at the maximum error points.
Citation - WoS: 2
Citation - Scopus: 2
Performance Optimization of Finned Surfaces Based on the Experimental and Numerical Study
(Asme, 2023) Koçak, Eyup; Kocak, Eyup; Turkoglu, Hasmet; Türkoğlu, Haşmet; Ayli, Ece; 283455; 12941; 265836
This paper presents the findings of numerical and experimental investigations into the forced convection heat transfer from horizontal surfaces with straight rectangular fins at Reynolds numbers ranging from 23,600 to 150,000. A test setup was constructed to measure the heat transfer rate from a horizontal surface with a constant number of fins, fin width, and fin length under different flow conditions. Two-dimensional numerical analyses were performed to observe the heat transfer and flow behavior using a computer program developed based on the openfoam platform. The code developed was verified by comparing the numerical results with the experimental results. The effect of geometrical parameters on heat transfer coefficient and Nusselt number was investigated for different fin height and width ratios. Results showed that heat transfer can be increased by modifying the fin structure geometrical parameters. A correlation for Nusselt number was developed and presented for steady-state, turbulent flows over rectangular fin arrays, taking into account varying Prandtl number of fluids such as water liquid, water vapor, CO2, CH4, and air. The correlation developed predicts the Nusselt number with a relative root mean square error of 0.36%. This research provides valuable insights into the effects of varying Prandtl numbers on the efficiency of forced convection cooling and will help in the design and operation of cooling systems. This study is novel in its approach as it takes into account the effect of varying Prandtl numbers on the heat transfer coefficient and Nusselt number and provides a correlation for the same. It will serve as a valuable reference for engineers and designers while designing and operating cooling systems.
Citation - WoS: 0
Citation - Scopus: 0
Prediction of Noise Generated by Rod-Airfoil Configuration: an Investigation Based on Experiments and Machine Learning
(Sage Publications Ltd, 2024) Kocak, Eyup; Ayli, Ece
This study investigated the effects of various parameters on the SPL (Sound Pressure Level) levels of rod-airfoil configurations. An experimental study was performed to investigate the effects of the rod parameters, such as the configuration of the rod, the distance between the rod and the airfoil, the diameter effect of the rod, and the geometry of the rod, on the performance of the rod-airfoil configuration. An Artificial Neural Network (ANN) model was then developed and applied to accurately predict the SPL of rod-airfoil configurations. The results of the study revealed that the Levenberg-Marquardt (LM) algorithm with 2 hidden neurons produced the best performance in predicting the SPL level, with a training R-squared value of 0.9998 and a testing R-squared value of 0.998715. The findings also indicated that increasing rod diameter increases sound pressure level while reducing gap width increases SPL levels and decreases frequency values. This method offers a more precise and effective technique to forecast the SPL levels of rod-airfoil designs, allowing designers to enhance their creations and lower noise levels. The findings of this study can also be utilized to direct future research in this area and offer important information for a better understanding of the mechanism of rod-airfoil noise creation. To the best of the authors' knowledge, this is the first study to look into rod-airfoil design predictions made using machine learning approaches.
Citation - WoS: 4
Citation - Scopus: 5
Prediction of the heat transfer performance of twisted tape inserts by using artificial neural networks
(Korean Soc Mechanical Engineers, 2022) Ayli, Ece; Koçak, Eyup; Kocak, Eyup; 265836; 283455
A numerical study is undertaken to investigate the effect of twisted tape inserts on heat transfer. Twisted tapes with various aspect ratios and single, double, and triple inserts are placed inside a tube for Reynolds numbers ranging from 8000 to 12000. Numerical results show that the tube with a twisted tape and different numbers of tape is more effective than the smooth tube in terms of thermo-hydraulic performance. The highest heat transfer is achieved with the triple insert, with the highest turning number and an increment of 15 %. Then, an artificial neural network (ANN) model with a three-layer feedforward neural network is adopted to obtain the Nusselt number on the basis of four inputs for a heated tube with a twisted insert. Several configurations of the neural network are examined to optimize the number of neurons and to identify the most appropriate training algorithm. Finally, the best model is determined with one hidden layer and thirteen neurons in the layer. Bayesian regulation is chosen as the training algorithm. With the optimized algorithm, excellent precision for measuring the output is provided, with R2 = 0.97043. In addition, the optimized ANN architecture is applied to similar studies in the literature to predict the heat transfer performance of twisted tapes. The developed ANN architecture can predict the heat transfer enhancement performance of similar problems with R2 values higher than 0.93.
Citation - WoS: 7
Citation - Scopus: 7
Supervised learning method for prediction of heat transfer characteristics of nanofluids
(Korean Soc Mechanical Engineers, 2023) Ayli, Ece; Koçak, Eyup; Kocak, Eyup; 265836; 283455
This study focuses on the alication and investigation of the predictive ability of artificial intelligence in the numerical modelling of nanofluid flows. Numerical and experimental methods are powerful tools from an accuracy point of view, but they are also time- and cost-consuming methods. Therefore, using soft-computing techniques can improve such CFD drawbacks by patterning the CFD data. After obtaining the aropriate ANN and ANFIS architecture using the CFD data, many new data can be created without requiring numerical and experimental methods. In the scope of this research, the FCM-ANFIS and ANN methods are used to predict the thermal behaviour of the turbulent flow in a heated pipe with several nanoparticles. A parametric CFD study is carried out for water-TiO2, water-CuO, and water-SiO2 nanofluid through a pipe. The Reynolds number is varied between 7000 and 15000, and the nanofluid concentration is varied between 0.25 % and 4 %. The effects of using nanofluid on local values of Nusselt number and shear stress distribution were investigated. Numerical results indicate that with the increasing nanoparticle volume fraction of nanofluid, the average Nusselt number increases, but the required pumping power also increases. The obtained soft computing results demonstrate that the FCM clustering ANFIS has given better results both in training and testing when it is compared to the ANN architecture with an R-2 of 0.9983. Regarding this, the FCM-ANFIS is an excellent candidate for calculating the Nusselt number in heat transfer problems.