İngiliz Dili ve Edebiyatı Bölümü Tezleri

Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12416/132

Browse

Now showing 1 - 20 of 49

Rise and fall on national icons, symbols and indexes: D. H. Lawrence's denial of national idealism
(2002) Öztürk, Devrim
English author D. H. Lawrence did not remain ignorant of the agony and sufferings in his society and of the entire continental Europe stemming from the First World War, by transmitting as a message of how vain as deceptions British national and spiritual values were. Lawrence was affected by the idealistic movements of his age, but rejecting all, he finally developed his own synthesis. Even in his short stories regarded as romantic and erotic, Lawrence developed a method of indirection that criticized bitterly and ironically the British national pride and the concept of masculinity. Through the use of the elements of semiotics such as "icon, symbol and index", Lawrence indirectly tells in his short stories the falsity and destructiveness of the spirit of nationalism, and how "Britannia", the female icon, being Britain's national symbol, amplifies and makes the concept of the superior British male more domineering. Thus, the author invites his reader to resist and reject with common sense and understanding the plot of nationalism established against him, without getting impressed by fake nationalistic sentiments. However, since the author reflected indirectly his ideas juxtaposed against nationalism and national faith, there has been a different image of Lawrence in western literature. In his war-related short stories, Lawrence used icons (one to one similarity), indexes (connections) and symbols (signification through custom) connoting power struggles and relationships that contribute to his war theme as building stones in his short stories. Lawrence, who articulated the facts of his time without ignoring the First World War, reached a synthesis that there was the sentiment of British IV nationalism as well as a universal pride in masculinity behind the bloody war that demolished Europe. Lawrence guides his contemporaries to be realistic by demolishing such sentiments and fake national pride in his short stories, discussed in this study.
Henry James retrospective conception of evolution in the Turn of the Screw and Beast in the Jungle in respect to Nietzsche and Darwin
(2003) Atar, Özge
Henry James, as an author, was not in isolation from his cultural, intellectual and philosophical impacts dominant in his times. Therefore, he was affected from the philosophical approaches of his contemporaries, Nietzsche and Darwin. With respect to this, James' understanding of evolution and history was shaped by Nietzsche's conception of 'Superman' and 'History' as well as Darwin's 'Theory of Evolution'. Man has the capacity to reach to self-fulfillment in life and form the base for the Superman by improving himself, enhancing his life, questioning history and learning from past mistakes. In addition, man is in a continuous struggle for existence and a better life. As a social human being, he enriches his standards of living through adaptation to the environment. According to the approaches of Nietzsche and Darwin, the evolutionary process occurs in historical time from the past to the present and future. Henry James, in his fiction, reflects how his characters experienced life and reached at accomplishment through self-development and self-realization and how they managed to use their past lives to enhance their present living. What makes James as IV outstanding as Nietzsche and Darwin is his suggestion of anti-thesis, that is, the reversed form of evolution. The evolutionary process takes place in historical time from the present to the past and to the sub-conscious mind as if a journey to the past in retrospection and the origin of one's life. Only then is it possible for man to continue his evolution to the future, in a linear historical process of becoming. i
Affinity between the fiction writer and the filmmaker: Viewpoint, aesthetics, and cinematographic representation in Sherwood Anderson's and James Joyce's short stories
(2003) Taner, Neşet Erdem
The affinity between fiction and film can be explained by the affinity between fiction writer and the filmmaker. The fiction writer begins with a series of images which he conserves in his mind and which he has obtained from his past experiences. He sets these into motion while creating his fiction. Whenever there is a conflict, there is a story to be told. Filmmaker puts into motion the still images in his mind and he forms his film. From this perspective, it can be put forward that both the fiction writer and the filmmaker are artists who activate the mental photographs in their minds and who create their art through their selective perception. Therefore both the fiction writer and the filmmaker establish the still pictures in their minds from an aesthetic viewpoint and subjectivity to reach at their viewers or readers. American writer Sherwood Anderson and Irish writer James Joyce have reflected still pictures in their Winesbura. Ohio and Dubliners respectively by transforming those pictures into the form of motion pictures from their own Ill viewpoints and aesthetical perspectives. They have worked as if they were filmmakers in transmitting their fiction. To conclude fiction writing and film language have similar language, have similar characteristics, and both are based on the principle of putting into motion a sequence of still pictures relying on an expressionistic and subjective viewpoint and aesthetics.
The Status and the psychology of women in Mrs. Dalloway, Orlando, a room of one's own
(2003) Akın, Pelin
As a feminist writer of the 20 century, Virginia Woolf takes women as the main topic in her novels, Mrs Dalloway and Orlando and her essay, A Room of One's Own. However, she defends and supports women as an individual who should have the equal opportunities and rights with men in society. In her novels, it is indicated that women carry on womanly responsibilities and these become a heavy load on their shoulders. In her essay, she argues that women are not given a chance to develop themselves through communication with society and by earning a living. Since they are prevented from society, they become passive and silent. Consequently, women begin to feel themselves empty and lost. Psychologically, they are suppressed under this feeling. At home, they play the role of perfect wives and perfect mothers feeling themselves as the unimportant figures of society. Their feelings, ideas, and thoughts are never taken into consideration. This leads to a serious identity problem and damages their psychology. In society, they are called with the name of their husbands, which puts forward that they have no public role. Their only duty is limited within house. This is reflected as a lack of communication in their lives. Besides these, they are not given right to be educated. Due to the lack of education, they cannot earn a living. IV Virginia Woolf shows the identity problems which is the result of the status in society, and the psychological prblems of women in her works, Mrs Dalloway, Orlando and A Room of One 's Own.
Pride and prejudice: A guidebook for marriage
(2004) Baykara, Özlem
Although criticized for her indifference to the Industrial Revolution or Napoleonic Wars, Austen was a keen observer of her society in terms of relations between man and woman. She reflected her observations in her novels by describing pre-marriage and marriage interaction, as she was aware that in any society matrimony was an institution that best revealed the characteristics of the broad social structure. Austen questioned the marriage types she witnessed: She saw that marriages were either for money or for sex. Thus, neither man nor woman was happy. For Austen, simple love, too, was not a reliable ground on which marriage could be based. To reveal her successful matrimony concept, Austen compares different marriage types in Pride and Prejudice. In her opinion, readers would be able to find the "ideal marriage type" by reading in between the lines. For Austen, the ideal marriage is an agreement between social demands and personal desires, and this makes the union fulfilling and IV respectable. Yet, this respectability does not mean "noble" family title, wealth, or "influential" acquaintances. At this point, by stressing the importance of individuality, Austen challenges the bourgeois viewpoint, which gives priority only to social rank and money. She is aware that equalizing the public and private forces is a difficult task. However, she shows the readers that individuals like Elizabeth and Darcy are able to go through this laborious formation and find happiness in marriage.
Eugenics and social order in Aldow Huxley's brave new world and Margaret Atwood's Oryx and Crake
(2004) Çolak, Olcay
The scientific and industrial revolution of the nineteenth century has led to urbanization and mass-production. These changes had dramatic effects on the lives of workers. They were regarded as the part of a machinery to run the factories. Efficiency and progress were the catch-phrases of the era. Eugenics, an old idea which can be traced back to Spartans, was revived. The principles of the Theory of Evolution were applied to form a theory of better human breeding. This thesis is both a summation of the origin and nature of the eugenics movement in Britain and itsa reflections in literary utopias and dystopias. Aldous Huxley's Brave New World and Margaret Atwood's Orxy and Crake, which are reactionary dystopias, have been analysed in context to their involvement with eugenics to form the social order in their respective societies. The positive aspect of the application of eugenics as a social movement and Utopian theme for the creation of ideal societies can easily be nullified by the coercive manipulations of those in power. In the chosen works this possibility and its disturbing consequences have been examined through transformed complex worlds created by the literary imagination of both authors.
Transformation of Perspective, of man and the universe from Alfred, Lord Tennyson to Thomas Hardy
(2004) Türkoğlu, Gülşen
The conflict between religion and science started after the Renaissance in the west and continued through the age of Copernicus and Galileo to the 19th century. During this conflict, many people especially the scientists, tried to enlighten people's minds at the cost of paying high prices. Copernicus and Galileo were among those scientists who suffered a lot from this conflict and even were accused of being against the doctrines of the Christian Church. The conflict between religion and science reached its climax during the Victorian Age, which was both called the age of scientific advancements and the age of religious controversies. Scientific findings, which conflicted with the teachings of the Bible caused a definite crisis of faith and the people of the age began questioning the meaning of life and the existence of God. Alfred, Lord Tennyson was one of these people who found himself in a profound doubt and came at the verge of loosing his former belief after reading Lyell's Principles of Geology and Chambers' Vestiges of Creation. Under the influence of scientific views of his time, Tennyson wrote his famous poem In Memoriam A.H.H which reflected all his doubts, conflicts and finally his consolation by reconciling science and faith. mIn the following decades it was Thomas Hardy who continued Tennyson's uncertainties. Although he was a devoted Christian in the first part of his life, after the publication of The Origin of Species he started to loose his former religious values. Influenced by the ideas of Darwin and Huxley, he called himself a "harmless agnostic" and became more and more cynical about the existence of God. As poets who were highly aware of the scientific advancements of their time, Tennyson and Hardy reflected these ideas through their poems.
The reconciliation and the confrontation of the Native American and the British identites in James Fenimore Cooper`s the last of The Mohicans and The Pioners
(2004) Yıldırım, Ebru
Native Americans have been the subject of attention since Columbus discovered America in 1492. Their tragedy has started with the subsequent colonisation of America by the Europeans and the British. The original owners of America, Native Americans were conquered, dispossessed and destroyed by the white men. When the Europeans and the British intruded into the virgin North American wilderness with the objective of placing great quantities of native lands under their possession, they disregarded the Native American identity and existence. To justify their colonisation in North America, they described Native Americans as lazy and vagrant hunters who ailed to make the land fruitful and who therefore lost their claim to cultivate God's earth. Thus, through their policies and cunning methods, they started to dispossess Native Americans of their native lands. In this process, Native American identity and culture were corrupted and eventually destroyed. This thesis has focused on the confrontation and reconciliation of the Native American and the British identities in James Fenimore Cooper's The Lost of the Mohicans and The Pioneers. In the chosen works, the outcome of this confrontation has been examined in the form of an ultimate failure in reconciliation.
Religion and woman in George Eliot's Adam Bede
(2004) Bilgiç, Şadiye
Since her childhood George Eliot was a keen observer of her time in terms of human relationships, woman's status in society, and the concept of religion. Eliot reflected her observations in her novels by stating her views on the place and importance of religion in human life, and by discussing the social problems of her time. She lived in Victorian society, which was characterized by limited mobility or very little flexibility in terms of social behavior and rules particularly for women. That is to say, the norms of the Victorians Age might be interpreted as a difficult life for most of its people. As an incongruous individual in her time, George Eliot did not sacrifice her own ideals, her sense of religon, and social behavior. She was radically different from the characters she depicted in her fiction, she did not reflect a traditional ladylike figure of her time in her real life. Her novels provided her with ample opportunity and great freedom to reflect herself freely because fiction was her domain where were no obstructions, limitations, and rules. Eliot never tries to impose her own way of living to her readers in her novels.For instance, her novel, Adam Bede,includes strong religious faith and moral teaching which does not fall in line with her real life. Rather,through the protagonists she emphasizes over and over again the significance of religion and praises the value of religious doctrines. Eliot deals with the concept of religion in Adam Bede through several contradictory characters to show that religion provides lessons and enables man to find his way in his life journey. The novel also emphasizes that religion offers comfort in times of trouble and provides hope in the midst of despair. In brief, religion in the novel suggests that the world is not only permeated with trouble and confusion, it is at the same time a friendly home created for man by Divine Essence.
The age of darkness: Gothic discourse and its reflections of discontent in Matthew Lewis's The Monk
(2005) İnal, Bahar
Matthew Lewis is a highly imaginative and creative writer in his depictions of extraordinary, rebellious, and demonic characters, who remain outside the mainstream of the eighteenth century novel. In a style of authentic narrative, he makes a chain of terror and violence, intended to penetrate deeply into the moral and social atmosphere of the age. The Monk, one of the masterpieces of English Gothic literature, exerts a considerable influence over the writings of the novelists like Charles Dickens, the Bronte sisters, Sir Walter Scott, and so on. The elements of this influence - the criminal monk, terror and violence, incest and brutal sexuality, the Wandering Jew and the Bleeding Nun - have been used by various Gothic writers including Ann Radcliffe and Charles Robert Maturin. Matthew Lewis indicts the codes and norms of The Age of Reason in The Monk. He subverts the world-view of Newton and Descartes, for whom each element in nature has a fixed place and all models of social and moral action are derived from the method of reason. To reveal the failure of the social system of the Enlightenment, Lewis creates a pseudo- scientific atmosphere in which black magic, exorcism, and enchantment (they are also representative of a pseudo-medieval atmosphere) take the place of rationalism and secularism of the dominant culture. Asserting that man is irredeemably lost in the nightmarish world of mathematical rules and formulas, the spiritual health and integrity of the individual can only be achieved through searching for a release from the darkness of Enlightenment sociability and rationality.
The mill on the floss: An expression of George Eliot's developed vision on fe/male identity
(2005) Vural Başkan, Mine
George Eliot, as a unique author, is a keen observer of her society in terms of understanding the evolution of female consciousness. She questions the effects of the capitalist, industrial, patriarchal world of men in shaping women's identity. She shows that women's status and rights are assigned within a patriarchal set up. For Eliot, women are the direct products of the basic suppositions of male oriented and dominant social values. Thus, Eliot creates a new woman who suffers and tries to break the narrowness of her traditional role to achieve moral and economic independence. To reveal the new woman concept, she compares two dissimilar women types in The Mill on the Floss, and by this way she paves the way for the awakening of women. According to Eliot, becoming a complete human being is more important than assuming the gender roles. To do this, masculine and feminine sides of a person are to be balanced. What makes Eliot outstanding is her suggestion of this unification. At this point, by stressing the importance of achieving unity, Eliot challenges the IV sexist viewpoint of her age. She is aware that equalizing the sexes is an important task and only manageable through self-sacrifice. In the novel, Maggie is able to complete her unification as a result of the hardships she encounters. However, the social milieu is not ripe enough to assert her identity, and Eliot draws a tragic picture at the end only to defer her developed vision to the future.
The transformation in the pattern of relationships in iris murdoch's novels the Philosopher's Pupil and Nuns and Soldiers
(2005) Pesek, Ebru
Iris Murdoch, a writer and philosopher of the 20th century, is deeply concerned with such issues as moral philosophy and religion, which also become central concerns in her literary life. The meanings of ethics and morality in society are issues that she reflects in her novels. In the novels, The Philosopher's Pupil and Nuns and Soldiers studied in this thesis, she does this by creating complex and controversial patterns of relationships and making her characters go through a trial. The characters are supposed to transform into selfless individuals, who believe in the principle of doing good deeds after being successful in these trials. The metamorphosis of the characters from mainly selfish and self-centred personalities into moral individuals with a higher goal is the author's aim. In both novels, The Philosopher 's Pupil and Nuns and Soldiers, this aim is only partially fulfilled by the characters; particularly the main characters use their distinguished position in society for their IV selfish concerns. Even the other characters are influenced by them yet not many of them start the process of "unselfingf themselves. Murdoch's characters, in these two novels, do not achieve the goal of transforming into better human beings, thus she is realistic in that she gives the reader at least an example using a few characters of how to become independent, moral and ethical individuals.
History, his story, and story conceptions of reality and freedom in The French Lieutenant's woman
(2005) Ulusoy, Emel
John Fowles is one of the famous novelists of the twentieth century. The French Lieutenanfs Woman is considered to be his best work in which he demonstrates the interacting natures of fiction and life, culture and ideology, and man and freedom. He sees the novel as an evolving genre, and draws a parallel between the evolution of fiction and the evolution of man. Fowles rejects the traditional understanding of novel writing. He gives a new shape to the genre by asserting a metafictional style. He compares and contrasts his style with those of the Victorian novelists. To do this, he assumes a pseudo-Victorian tone which enables him to act both in and out of the Victorian tradition. While constructing the work, he makes use of documentary, history, sociology, and psychology. The novel becomes an amalgam, and with this amalgam, Fowles is able to draw a three-dimensional picture of his society in which man is destined to evolve horizontally. Hence, different from the nineteenth century novelists, Fowles IV depicts an alternative, horizontal evolution model contrary to the vertical one of the Victorians. The female character Fowles creates is the prototype of the horizontally evolving "modem" woman. However, Fowles does not limit modernity with twentieth century only. The gist of modernism (or postmodernism) for him lies in the idea of evolution itself, and it is timeless. Through the relation between Charles and Sarah, he shows that change is inevitable, and at the same time he expects his readers to evolve through the reading process of the novel. Finally, Fowles comes to reveal that there is a parallelism between life and fiction because man has always created fictitious pasts and presents, and an image of a fictitious future.
Dracula: the story of a terrorist against “order”
(2006) Körpe, Ahmet Emre
In Dracula, Stoker deals with the harmful effects of capitalism acting upon environment and people. He depicts bourgeois characters as neurotic, and as products of industrialism. Count Dracula fights against bourgeoisie and threatens the capitalist order. Thus, the novel represents Stoker’s disgust with capitalism and the new social classes it created. Through the clash between vampires and sentimental characters, he reveals his desire to amalgamate the Victorian paradigm with the feudal, more humane one. Bourgeoisie rejects the past, thinking that those times were “barbaric and nasty.” Stoker, however, shows that medieval paradigm was a humane one. Although he exploits the archetypal fears of both the characters and the readers, he reveals that those ages were more virtuous when compared with the nineteenth century. For Stoker, the “modern” world is hypocritical; there is real tyranny in the “civilized” paradigm. Dracula belongs to the past paradigm. His hatred of the general hypocrisy in the capitalist world turns out to be his virtue. He converts bourgeois characters to his own paradigm. By converting characters he, in fact, creates free individuals. What Stoker is after is not the appraisal of the medieval paradigm, but rather a suggestion that an amalgamation between the two paradigms is necessary. However, he knows that Dracula and what he represents will not be able to find a place in the modern world. The defeat of the Count at the end should be read as the warning of Stoker for the coming of capitalist dystopia or neoimperialism.
Dublin as ancestral matrix: the rebirth of the Irish fetus into self-recognition in James Joyce’s “Eveline” and “the dead”
(2006) Kızrak, Meral
James Joyce’s Dubliners depicts the city of Dublin as a metaphor for the Irish soil. Though self-exiled, Joyce the Irish patriot introduces Dublin to be the ancestral matrix from which the Irish may be reborn to claim their Irish identity. The dilemma with Irishness, as Joyce explores, is that the Irish are in a state of denying their identity. Mistakenly apprehending Dublin as a city of decay, Dubliners are compelled to desert it. Their impetus to escape from Dublin and its psychological detention results in an inevitable loss of Irish identity. However, Dubliners are, shockingly and almost instinctively, dragged into Dublin, the ancestral matrix, where they undergo an embryonic state: they are nourished by the genuine Irish blood, and reborn as themselves, with the Irish identity from which they have sought escape. The protagonists of “Eveline” and “The Dead” are in a state of selfdenial, thus becoming invisible in Dublin, which causes them to quest for identity. From a psychoanalytic perspective, theirs is an instinctive drive to seek maternal safety and protection, a reason for their futile attempt to escape into a Platonic and idealized womblike cocoon. However, having done away with the anxiety resulting from impersonating an alien identity, they undergo “the oceanic feeling” of oneness with the ancestral womb. This regression into the form of the Irish fetus provides the characters with the pleasure of claiming their individuality and of becoming regenerated through an introspective self-realization. Therefore, in Dubliners, Joyce attempts to hold up a mirror to his compatriots to help them realistically visualize and appreciate their actual self, reflected on the “liquor amnii” of Dublin, the ancestral matrix.
Wedding the opposites: the romantic quest of the byronic hero in merging the orient and the occident
(2006) Küçük, Melike
Lord Byron is one of the extraordinary bards of the English Romantic Period. The Byronic Hero, who is recognized to be the mirror of Lord Byron’s inner-self and projection of his persona, is a legendary character. Lord Byron’s, Turkish Tales, which include the Byronic Hero, are written after his first excursion to the Orient and they are records of his experiences in the East. Turkish Tales, written in verse include; The Giaour, The Bride of Abydos, The Corsair, Lara, and The Siege of Corinth. These tales demonstrate Byron’s unbiased perception towards the Orient. In these tales, Byron tells about the ‘Other’ culture without drawing distinct lines between cultures and he criticizes the partial Western preconceptions. Since Byron has made the facts of his life and his experiences a central stand in his poetry he prefers facts rather than assumptions. Hence, he draws a picture of a unified world, in which the Orient and the Occident are integrated. However, he reaches the synthesis that differences and enmities which also ocur in the same world stem from the diseased, shattered, and discriminatory World view of the Western scholars. This picture which becomes concrete after his contact with the Orient has changed his life and thoughts. With his concrete experience in the Orient, as a Romantic Poet, Byron is purified from artificially constructed and imposed prejudices with his courage, agony and self-dedication; eventually, he rejuvenates and becomes a universal bard when he embraces the oppositions; the past and the future, the ideal and the real, the Orient and the Occident.
Paradoxcial politics of power, language, and truth In Orwell’s Nineteen Eighty-Four
(2007) Arslan, Zeynep
Thought to be revealing the features of “undemocratic” regimes, Nineteen-Eighty Four has been narrowly interpreted as a warning for future generations. Orwell, however, is not defensive or aggressive about any certain political system in the novel. In this respect, he solely uncovers the power relations that are central not only to all forms of political systems, but also to life itself. He analyzes power relations within the context of language, and emphasizes the necessity of paradoxes which underlie these relations. The relationship among power, language, and truth has always been a controversial subject. Reality is shaped by language, and this reality-constructing capacity makes linguistic systems integral to power relations. Finally, by depicting a state called Oceania which uses paradoxes as a means of continuing its power, Orwell reveals the paradoxical nature of power politics. Through an analysis of power relations, Orwell brings under discussion the interactive relation among power, language, and truth.
The transformative potential of forgiveness in George Eliot's Scenes of Clerical Lie and Adam Bede
(2009) Coşkun, Behiye
Religion represents a profound influence on George Eliot‟s fiction, and on her life and career as a whole. Her attitude developed from a rigidly evangelical perspective during her youth towards an open-minded liberalism and a gradual embrace of the idea of empathy and care for others without expectation of religious reward. Many critics have explored the implications of George Eliot‟s theory of community. However, this thesis will show how she deploys Christian themes in her earliest work to explore human society. In particular it will focus on the redeeming power of forgiveness in her first two works, Scenes of Clerical Life and Adam Bede. Eliot emphasizes the importance of religion in helping people to forgive themselves or each other. She demonstrates Feuerbach‟s idea that moral development is a transition from a subjective, egoistic view of self and world to an objective, broader view. For Eliot, tragic suffering is necessary for people to move beyond their egoism. Though suffering, the abandonment of pride and a sense of community are all necessary for a person‟s moral redemption, these cannot be achieved without acts of forgiveness.
Mary Shelley and the capitalist paradigm: formed and deformed bodies in Frankenstein
(2010) Güzey, İdil
Mary Shelley lived in an age that witnessed a great paradigmatic change: the shift from the mercantilist to the capitalist world order. In Frankenstein, she unveils the social and psychological impacts of the new system acting on the individual by illustrating the case of Victor Frankenstein, who, by creating a monster for his own social emolument, turns into a symbolic figure standing for Western unethical capitalist mentality. Her target of criticism being capitalism itself, she shows that the system is, in fact, self destructive. While attacking the capitalist system of her age, Mary Shelley reveals that capitalist culture is the greatest of all challenges for man for it forms and deforms the individual. Frankenstein, the culturally formed scientist of the new capitalist age, represents both the social and psychological deformity in the Western paradigm for he creates a destructive “monster,” the pathetic residue of Frankenstein’s selfish social and individual pursuits, as well as an emblem of the disrupted psychology of the character. The two clash in the novel, and their mutual struggle ends in the Arctic with the destruction of the two, showing that this capitalist civilization itself is the threat to its own existence. She demonstrates that capitalist and progressive mentality of both individual and society produces perversity, disrupting the healthy growth of human psyche and the constituents of Western culture. Finally, through Frankenstein Mary Shelley indicates the catastrophe awaiting mankind.
Martyrdom for knowledge in Christopher Marlowe’s Doctor Faustus
(2010) İşçi, Osman
Doctor Faustus başlıklı oyunun yazarı Christopher Marlowe, dinin egemen olduğu Ortaçağ döneminden, sorgulayıcı insan zihninin evrimi aracılığıyla seküler Rönesans dönemine geçişi sergiler. Oyunun ana karakteri Doktor Faustus, Tanrı tarafından yasaklanan mutlak bilgi alanına girecek kadar cesaretlidir. Aydınlanma yolunda, benliğini öncellerinden aldığı miras ile insanlık adına adamaktan kaçınmaz. O, doğa bilimleriyle sınırlı mevcut bilgiyi aşarak evrensel bilgiye ulaşacak ve bu yolda bir bilim şehidi olarak anılacaktır. Bunu sağlamasına olanak tanıyan eyleminin beş önemli özelliği bulunmaktadır. Bu özellikler şu şekilde tanımlanır: bir teist olan Doktor Faustus, insan zihninin ötesinde mutlak başarıyı algılar; bunun için Tanrı’nın logos’undan sapar; Tanrı tarafından tanımlanan edilgen bir nesne değil aktif bir özne olarak tarihteki yerini alır; böylelikle, Hazreti İsa’ya bir alternatif olarak, bilim adına şehadet mertebesine yükselir. Bundan dolayı Marlowe’nin seküler yaklaşımı, Doktor Faustus’u, geri dönüşü olmayan, insanlık adına kaçınılmaz bir yola girmek sorumluluğunda olan bir bilim insanı olarak sergilemektedir. Doktor Faustus, yaşamının kritik bir noktasında, hayati bir karar vererek Tanrı’nın sözünden sapıp, acı çekip, işkence görüp cehenneme sürüklenir. Ancak, Hıristiyan dogmasının buyurduğu şekliyle günah işlediğini itiraf edip, tövbe etmez. Bilgi yoluna girmesi ve kendisini bilim yoluna adayan bir birey olması, bu yolda sonuna kadar devam etmesini sağlayan temel itici güç olduğundan, Doktor Faustus kararlıdır. Özgür iradesi, onu seçiminin sonuçlarını karşılamaya hazırlar. Tanrı’nın iradesine karşı duruşu, onu Hıristiyan dogma temelinde suçlu kılar fakat seküler bakış açısına göre Doktor Faustus bir bilim şehididir.

Browse

Browsing İngiliz Dili ve Edebiyatı Bölümü Tezleri by Issue Date