Uluslararası Ticaret Bölümü

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1980 Sonrası Türkiye’de Uygulanan Teknoloji Politikaları ve Türkiye Açısından Teknolojik Gelişme Göstergeleri
(2020) Dinç, Dilek Temiz; 52039; Uluslararası Ticaret ve Finansman
Günümüzde sürdürülebilir bir büyüme ve kalkınma için iyi planlanmış ve uygulanmış bilim ve teknoloji politikalarına ihtiyaç duyulmaktadır. Özellikle 1980 sonrasında dışa açılmayla birlikte teknolojik gelişmelere daha fazla önem verilmeye başlanmasından dolayı, bu çalışmada ilk olarak 1980 sonrası Türkiye’de uygulanan teknoloji politikaları beş yıllık kalkınma planları çerçevesinde incelenmiştir. Bilim ve teknoloji politikaları bir girdi olarak kabul edilirse, teknolojik gelişme göstergeleri bir çıktı olarak kabul edilebilir. Bu bakımdan çalışmanın ikinci kısmında, Türkiye için teknolojik gelişme göstergeleri bağlamında genel bir değerlendirme yapılması amaçlanmıştır. Çalışmadan, Türkiye’nin diğer dünya ülkeleriyle rekabet gücünü artırması yolunda, üniversite-sanayi işbirliklerine daha çok önem vermesi, Gayri Safi Yurtiçi Hasıladan (GSYH) Ar-Ge faaliyetlerine daha çok pay ayırması, Ar-Ge araştırmacı sayısını arttırması, patent sayılarını arttırabilmek için bu konudakiteşvik uygulamalarının yeniden ele alınması ve bütün bunlar içinde öncelikle kurumsallaşmış, gelişmelere ve değişmelere hızla uyum sağlayabilecek bilim ve teknoloji politikalarının oluşturulması ve hayata geçirilmesi gerekliliği sonucuna ulaşılmıştır.
Citation - WoS: 0
Citation - Scopus: 0
At the convergence of energy corridors: energy situation in Turkey and a critical evaluation with Porter's model
(Igi Global, 2017) Gokmen, Aytac; Nakip, Mahir; 17660; 118963; Uluslararası Ticaret ve Finansman
Turkey is at the threshold of Eurasia connecting various energy corridors. It has an improving economic volume and is one of the 20 largest economies in the world. Energy and economic development are highly correlated. Turkey is dependent on imported energy. In order to keep up with the economic expansion, the energy requirements of Turkey must be met in a diversified, timely and reliable way. Thus, the aim of this paper is to define the geographic disposition of Turkey at the convergence of energy lines, review its energy situation comprehensively and make critical evaluations on energy and economy related issues, also with using the diamond model developed by Michael E. Porter resting on credible national and international publications and data.
Citation - WoS: 1
Citation - Scopus: 1
Cointegration, causality and the transmission of shocks across wheat market in Pakistan
(Springer, 2009) Klasra, Mushtaq Ahmad; Uluslararası Ticaret ve Finansman
This paper uses quarterly price data and examines the transmission of shocks across different spatially separated locations besides identifying causality among these locations. Johansen and Juselius's (Econ. Stat., 52, 160-210, 1990) multivariate cointegration procedure identified two cointegrating vectors among these locations. Following Toda and Yamamoto (J. Econom., 66, 225-250, 1995), causality tests showed only one bi-directional causality and it was between Peshawar and Hyderabad locations. Faisalabad and Sargodha appeared independent (i.e. exogenous) market locations in price discovery process. Peshawar market showed maximum (i.e. 5) number of significant links. The generalized impulse response functions, though, suggested similar (cyclical) pattern of responses across the markets, but their time profile, which provides insight into the system's speed of convergence to long run equilibrium path, varied with different level of extent and persistency. Responses to shock originating in consumption markets (i.e. Karachi, Peshawar and Lahore) remained short lived; whereas the shocks stemming from surplus wheat producing locations (i.e Multan, Sargodha and Faisalabad) produced long and more persistent responses.
Citation - Scopus: 2
Copyright Protection By Robust Digital Image Watermarking in Unsecured Communication Channels
(Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science, 2017) Alasafi, L.; Göksu, T.; Albayati, A.
The transition from analog technologies to digital technologies has increased the ever-growing concern for protection and authentication of digital content and data. Owners of digital content of any type are seeking and exploring new technologies for the protection of copyrighted multimedia content. Multimedia protection has become an issue in recent years, and to deal with this issue, researchers are continuously searching for and exploring new effective and efficient technologies. This thesis study has been prepared in order to increase the invisibility and durability of invisible watermarking by using the multilayer Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT) in the frequency plane and embedding two marks into an image for the purpose of authentication and copyright when digital content travels through an unsecured channel. A novel watermarking algorithm has been proposed based on five active positions and on using two marks. In addition to the extraction process, watermarking images will be subjected to a set of attack tests. The evaluation criteria have been the bases of assessing the value of SNR, PNSR, MAE and RMSE for both the watermarking images and the watermarking images after attacks, followed by the invisibility of the watermarking being measured before and after the attacks. Our lab results show high robustness and high quality images obtaining value for both SNR and PNSR. © 2017 Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science. All rights reserved.
Citation - Scopus: 0
Culture, cross-cultural communication, and international business communication in the global context: A critical approach
(IGI Global, 2023) Gökmen, A.; 17660; Uluslararası Ticaret ve Finansman
International business communication concerns the reconciliation of businesses and products which strive to embrace both the private and government sectors of numerous countries to conduct business transactions. Yet, inter-cultural communication is used when delivering different messages among different societies while doing international business. Thus, the aim of this chapter is to define the concepts of culture, international business communication and inter-cultural communication as well as integrate them on a global scale. © 2024, IGI Global. All rights reserved.
Citation - Scopus: 0
Digital economy: The correlation between digital technology and economic growth-an emperical application
(IGI Global, 2023) Dinç, D.; Gökmen, A.; 52039; 17660; Uluslararası Ticaret ve Finansman
The aim of this study is to explain the concept of digital economy and to examine the effect of digital technology on economic growth. In the study, the causality relationship between digital technology and economic growth in the Turkish economy for the period 2004-2021 was investigated with the Toda-Yamamoto test. As a result of the study, according to 10% significance level, bidirectional causality between internet usage-economic growth, computer usage-economic growth, and one-way causality between mobile line usage and economic growth from mobile line usage to economic growth was determined. No causal relationship was found between website ownership and economic growth in enterprises. According to the 5% significance level, a one-way causality relationship was determined from only computer and internet use to economic growth. © 2023, IGI Global. All rights reserved.
Citation - Scopus: 0
Does the incomplete information matter with export quotas?
(2006) Yazici, M.; 144084; İktisat
This study investigates whether or not incomplete information matters when the government adopts the export quotas in intervening in the oligopolistic export markets. Incomplete information the government has is about the unit-production cost of the domestic firm. It is shown first that quotas optimal under full information (full-information policy) result in Stackelberg outcome, the best outcome in a non-cooperative setting from the domestic firm's point of view. When the full-information policy is implemented in the presence of incomplete information, it is found that no cost-type has an incentive to misrepresent itself as the other type. This means that full-information outcome will be achieved with incomplete information. Hence, incomplete information does not matter in the case of export quotas. This result, however, does not carry over to the case of more than one domestic firm. © 2006 Asian Network for Scientific Information.
Citation - WoS: 0
Citation - Scopus: 0
Dynamics of wheat prices in the wake of market reforms: the case of Pakistan
(Springer, 2006) Klasra, MA; Kiral, T; Uluslararası Ticaret ve Finansman
Using Autoregressive Conditional Heteroskedastic (ARCH) method, this paper examines the effects of market reforms on the distribution of real mean prices and their variability before and after reforms. It is found that market-oriented reforms benefited producers and consumers alike. Empirical evidences, generally, support theoretical assertion that mean prices decline in most urban areas and increase in those markets that are located in surplus producing areas. The results also showed that market reforms lead to more price volatility.
Citation - Scopus: 14
Export-led economic growth and the case of Brazil: An empirical research
(Routledge, 2019) Temiz Dinç, D.; Gökmen, A.; 52039; 17660; Uluslararası Ticaret ve Finansman
The world has been globalized much more than ever before and this process integrates the economies of countries. Moreover, one means of integrating the economies of countries is trade. In this instance, the export-led economic growth emerges as a considerable determinant. Export-led economic growth is beneficial for the countries since it facilitates the inflow of foreign exchange, increases production, creates new employment opportunities and enhances the overall commercial volume. In this study, the correlation between export-led economic growth is explored for Brazil. Therefore, according to the findings of this paper as well as econometric and statistical applications, there is a bi-directional causality in Brazil since 1960s between economic development and exports in the long-run (this could also be termed as feedback); furthermore, in the short-run, there is export-led economic growth. The novelty of this paper is that, it is one of the latest studies investigating export-led economic growth for Brazil. © 2019, © 2019 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.
Citation - WoS: 1
Financial market segmentation: an application on islamic financial markets
(Journal Applied Economics & Business Research, 2017) Nakip, Mahir; Gokmen, Aytac; Mohammed, Salah Awad; 118963; Uluslararası Ticaret ve Finansman
Muslim world comprises of a considerable part of the earth's population and there are many Muslim states in the world. People who adopted the Islam religion have a distinctive understanding of life based on Al-Quran, Hadith and Sharia. Therefore, all the deeds of Muslims must be in accordance with the way of Islam and Sharia. Finance is an issue in which Sharia prevails. According to the principles of Sharia, conventional financial applications are not proper for Muslims. Therefore, certain financial instruments and regulations are implemented to comply with the rulings of Islam and Sharia. Moreover, the aim of this study is to analyze the financial markets in Muslim countries resting on dependable international resources such as macro economical and financial indicators, and segmenting them by using statistical methods as Cluster and Discriminant analysis. As a result, it is concluded that financial markets in Muslim countries can be segmented by using certain financial indicators. Yet, financial markets in Muslim countries cannot be segmented by using certain economic indicators but, these indicators can be used to discriminate the financial market segments.
Citation - Scopus: 4
Foreign Direct Investment & Its Correlation to Economics: The case of Brazil
(Routledge, 2019) Dinç, D.T.; Gökmen, A.; 52039; 17660; Uluslararası Ticaret ve Finansman
Capital accumulation is the first and foremost important factor to induce economic growth and development in a country. Yet, not every country in the world is bestowed with abundant capital. Thus, in this instance foreign direct investment (FDI) emerges as a good option to supply the necessary amount of capital to countries which are deprived of the necessary capital stock. Moreover, FDI, besides being a catalyst of economic development, is a significant means of transferring technology, knowledge, managerial know-how and constitutes new potentials to create employment opportunities, increase the production volume and enhance the foreign trade balance. Furthermore, the impact of FDI inflow on the economic growth is researched in this paper for Brazil by means of utilizing various econometric methods for the period of 1970–2017. According to the results of this study there is no positive causality between economic growth and FDI inflow in the short-run. Yet, there is a positive and significant causality between FDI inflow and economic growth in the long-run as well as this stems from the fact that investments lead to positive results gradually in the long-term which also means that investments shall be converted into production as much as possible. Moreover, the novelty of this paper is that it is one of the most up-to-date studies to research FDI–economic growth correlation on Brazil in the literature. © 2019, © 2019 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.
Citation - Scopus: 10
Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) and Export Relation in Turkey: 1991–2010
(2011) Temiz, D.; Gökmen, A.; 17660; 52039; Uluslararası Ticaret ve Finansman
Foreign direct investment (FDI) is an important element in development of economic power with regard to growth. FDI is an efficient tool to transfer new technologies, managerial skills, knowledge, capital flow and so on. On the other hand, exportation is another means to integrate the economy of a country with that of the world and secure economic growth as well enhancing economic advantages. In this article, we attempt to research the relationship between FDI and export. The article begins with the definition of FDI theory, explains the motives fostering FDI, FDI and Turkey, FDI and export relation theoretically, and concludes with an empirical analysis of FDI and export in Turkey. The empirical research investigates the relationship between export and FDI by using monthly time series data for the Turkish economy over the period from December 1991 to October 2010. The study applies of the following econometric techniques: unit root test, Johansen cointegration test, vector error correction model (VECM), and Granger causality test. The cointegration analysis suggests long-run equilibrium relationship between the examined variables. The results of the Granger causality test showed a causal relationship between these variables. The causality results are consistent with the results reported by the vector error correction model (VECM). © Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.
Citation - Scopus: 5
Foreign Direct Investment and Its Impact on Economic Performance: The Case of Turkey and Nigeria
(Routledge, 2015) Temiz, D.; Gökmen, A.; Abubakar, M.S.; 52039; 17660; Uluslararası Ticaret ve Finansman
Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) has been affecting global business affairs for decades. A country, whether developed or developing, necessitates more FDI entry than other countries because the FDI inflow may bring certain advantages such as capital accumulation, knowledge, know-how transfer, and obtainment of updated technology. Thus, the entry of FDI into a host country is expected to reveal positive aftermaths. The objective of this study is to analyze the impact of FDI entry into Nigeria and Turkey for the years 1970–2012 by using econometric methods such as VAR, VECM, unit root test, cointegration test, causality test, impulse-response functions, and variance decomposition. As a result, it was estimated that there is no positive impact of FDI entry on economic growth in Nigeria and in Turkey. © 2015, Copyright © Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.
Citation - Scopus: 0
Foreign direct investment in the cement industry of Turkey: Overall contribution by multinational businesses and potential impacts on the economy
(IGI Global, 2015) Gökmen, A.; 17660; Uluslararası Ticaret ve Finansman
The cement sector contributes to the development of the GDP and also the creation of employment opportunities in Turkey. The cement production is made of 100% national inputs and it is exported to 90 countries in the world. Additionally, it attracted an important portion of foreign direct investment (FDI) by means of the privatization operations. However, despite its importance, the cement sector of Turkey is very fragile, especially in times of global crisis and economic downturns. Eventually, the aim of this chapter is to review the cement sector of Turkey, analyze the foreign participation and work out its overall contribution to the entire economic capacity of Turkey depending on credible national and international publications. © 2015, IGI Global.
Citation - WoS: 12
Citation - Scopus: 19
Gender gap in financial inclusion: Evidence from MENA
(Univ Oviedo, 2019) Ozsuca, Ekin Ayse; 237965
This study aims to analyze the gender dimension of financial inclusion in MENA countries. Using the World Bank's 2017 Global Findex Database, it explores the underlying factors of gender differences in formal financial services usage via Fairlie decomposition method. The findings of the study indicate that a significant portion of the disparity in financial inclusion is attributable to employment, while age and tertiary education are also found as contributing factors to the financial inclusion gap. Another notable finding is that upper income quintiles contribute positively to the gender gap, indeed to a greater extent compared to lower income groups.
Inclusion in Turkey: Evidence from Individual Level Data
(2019) Özşuca, Ekin Ayşe; 237965; Uluslararası Ticaret ve Finansman
Bu çalışmada, Türkiye’de finansal tabana yayılma düzeyi ve temel belirleyicileri Dünya Bankası’nın 2017 Küresel Finansal Tabana Yayılma mikro veri seti kullanılarak incelenmektedir. Bu doğrultuda, bireysel özelliklerin (cinsiyet, yaş, gelir, eğitim) yasal finansal hizmetlere erişim ile ilişkisi ve bu özelliklerin finansal hizmetlere erişimi olmayan bireylerin hesap sahibi olması önündeki engelleri nasıl etkilediği incelenmektedir. Çalışmanın sonuçları erkek, daha yaşlı, daha yüksek eğitim ve gelir seviyesine sahip olan bireylerin, yasal bir finansal kuruluşta hesap sahibi olma ve tasarruf etme olasılığının daha yüksek olduğunu göstermektedir. Buna ek olarak, mobil bankacılık üzerinde diğer geleneksel yasal finansal hizmetler kullanımı ile benzer bireysel özelliklerin etkili olduğu sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Hesap sahibi olma konusundaki engellere yönelik sonuçlar, her bir bireysel özelliğin yasal bir kuruluşta hesap sahibi olmayan bireyler tarafından beyan edilmiş farklı iradi ve gayri iradi engelleri açıklamada anlamlı olduğunu göstermektedir. Çalışmanın bulguları Türkiye’de finansal tabana yayılmayı arttıracak politikaların oluşturulması açısından büyük önem taşımaktadır.
Citation - Scopus: 0
International business initiatives of the Turkish enterprises in global trade: The case of outsourcing
(IGI global, 2016) Gökmen, A.; 17660; Uluslararası Ticaret ve Finansman
The amount of trade and international business volume in the world has amounted considerably as a result of the fast moving globalization and declining borders especially after the 1990s. International business and trade are important tools for countries and enterprises to increase their volumes of production and commerce as well as enhance employment, increase the national income and raise revenue for enterprises to make further investments. Turkey is located at the threshold of Europe and Asia, consolidating East and West, and North and South at the convergence of various trade routes. However, despite of being close to various countries, a great deal of Turkey’s export potential is focused on the EU and developed countries. However, the production means in Turkey are not adequate, so it imports factors of production from abroad by way of international business operations. Thus, the aim of this study is to review the theory of globalization, international business, firm internationalization process of businesses, impact direction of multinational businesses as well as the commercial operations of the Turkish enterprises, real and commercial abilities of the Turkish firms and international business activities on the global basis; compare this to its entire trade volume and propose comments on these issues resting on credible national and international publications and figures. © 2016 by IGI Global.
Citation - WoS: 3
Citation - Scopus: 4
Is there a J-curve effect in Turkish services?
(Springer, 2010) Yazici, Mehmet; 144084; İktisat
This paper explores the existence of the J-curve effect in Turkish services. The model of Bahmani-Oskooee (Rev Econ Stat 67:500-504, 1985), one of the most commonly employed model in the j-curve literature, is adopted. Using quarterly data from 1986: I to 1998: III, we find that, as a result of real depreciation of Turkish currency, YTL, services trade balance initially improves, then worsens and improves again in the short run. This is a pattern indicating that J-curve effect does not exist in Turkish services sector. We also find that depreciation of Turkish Lira improves the trade balance of the sector in the long run, a result consistent with earlier findings for the whole Turkish economy.
Citation - WoS: 5
Citation - Scopus: 6
Knowledge-induced technological change: A study involving the automobile innovation in Malaysia with layers of techniques
(Emerald Group Publishing Ltd, 2006) Choudhury, Masudul; Azid, Toseef; Klasra, Mushtaq; Uluslararası Ticaret ve Finansman
Purpose - To apply the Tawhidi epistemology in the automobile industry as the paradigm of the Islamic socio-scientific order in terms of its inherent knowledge-centered worldview. Design/methodology/approach - The concepts of unity and unification of knowledge in a system-wide sense are analytically developed in the framework of shuratic process or equivalently as the interactive, integrative and evolutionary process-oriented methodology (IIE). Findings - The analytical conceptualization is derived in the light of Qur'anic rules (ahkam) and recommended that policies, programs and instruments would jointly promote the development of mutual profitability and address the social milieu as well. Research limitations/implications - Tawhidi unification methodology of extensive participation and linkage can be applied widely. Originality/value - Certain policy recommendations in the light of the shari'ah precepts of this case study can be made.
Citation - Scopus: 0
Market reforms, spatial price spread and market connectedness: Evidence from wheat markets in Pakistan
(2006) Klasra, M.A.; Uluslararası Ticaret ve Finansman
This study, while using the data from 8 wheat markets of Pakistan, examines the extent of spatial price spread and market connectedness during reform and pre-reform periods. It is found that market reforms reduced the spatial price spread in 21 of 28 pairs of markets during reform period. The general view that more near the two markets are, stronger will be the co-movement of their prices, did not get support from empirical evidences. By encouraging the private sector and also limiting the extent of government intervention in the trading activity, correct price signals can be transmitted down to the marketing channel and can guide the farmers to specialize according to their comparative advantages. © 2006 Asian Network for Scientific Information.

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