Türk ceza kanunu'nda hakaret suçu
Date
2016
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Çankaya Üniversitesi
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Abstract
Şeref, bireyin özünde var olan ve diğer temel haklarından ayrılamayan
olmazsa olmaz değeridir. Bu yönüyle şeref varlığı devredilemeyen haklardandır.
Kişinin şeref ve haysiyeti ile doğrudan bağlantılı olan hakaret suçu 5237
sayılı TCK’nın 125-131 maddeleri arasında “Şerefe Karşı Suçlar” başlığında
düzenlenmiştir. Hakaret suçu, “somut bir fiil veya olgu isnat etmek” ya da “sövmek” yoluyla
işlenebilir. Bu suç, mağdurun huzurunda veya davranışın en az üç kişiyle ihtilat
ederek işlenmesi şartıyla mağdurun yokluğunda da işlenebilir. Türk Ceza
Kanunumuz hakaret suçunun mağdurun huzurunda ve yokluğunda işlenmesi halleri
için farklı kurallar öngörmüştür. Hakaret suçu; yazı, söz, resim gibi her türlü yolla
işlenebildiği gibi basın-yayın yoluyla da işlenebilir. Yeter ki bu yollarla bireyin,
toplum içindeki onur, şeref ve saygınlığı zedelenebilecek nitelikte olsun.
Manevi unsur açısından hakaret suçu kasten işlenebilen suçlardandır. İsnat
yeteneği bulunsun veya bulunmasın gerçek ve tüzel kişiler hakaret suçunun mağduru
olabilir. Diğer yandan cezai sorumluluğu olan her gerçek kişi hakaret suçunun faili
olabilir. Kanun koyucu, iddia ve savunma dokunulmazlığı, basının haber verme hakkı,
eleştiri hakkı gibi halleri hukuka uygunluk sebepleri; hakaret suçunun karşılıklı
olarak işlenmesi, haksız bir fiile tepki olarak işlenmesi hallerini de cezayı azaltan ya
da ortadan kaldıran nedenler olarak düzenlemiştir.
Human dignity is integral part and intrinsic quality that cannot be separated from other basic and essential rights of an individual. Therefore, dignity of every human being is inalienable. “Crime of defamation” which aims to protect the individual honour and dignity against violations in society is provided under the title of “Crimes Against Honor” between articles 125 and 131 of Turkish Criminal Code No 5237. Crime of defamation occurs by attribution of concrete acts and words or derived from abstract attiributions. Crime of defamation may be committed in presence or absentia of the victim. In order to punish the offense committed in absentia of the victim, the crime should be committed in presence of least three persons. Turkish Criminal Code sets different rules for the crime of defamation which are commited in the presence and in the absence of the victim. Crime of defamation may be commited by any types of written, oral, pictorial or print media acts and statements which are suitable to insult the honorary unity of an individual in society. The mental element of this crime is designed as general intent. Any natural person and legal personality may be the victim of criminal offence, on the other hand only natural person who has penal responsibility may be the offender of this crime. The legislator sets some specific excuses for criminal offence such as immunity of claim and defense, right to impart ınformation through print media, criticise. In some situations such as defamation as a reaction to tort, an intension injury, mutual defamation and provacation, the the punishment shall be dimished or removed.
Human dignity is integral part and intrinsic quality that cannot be separated from other basic and essential rights of an individual. Therefore, dignity of every human being is inalienable. “Crime of defamation” which aims to protect the individual honour and dignity against violations in society is provided under the title of “Crimes Against Honor” between articles 125 and 131 of Turkish Criminal Code No 5237. Crime of defamation occurs by attribution of concrete acts and words or derived from abstract attiributions. Crime of defamation may be committed in presence or absentia of the victim. In order to punish the offense committed in absentia of the victim, the crime should be committed in presence of least three persons. Turkish Criminal Code sets different rules for the crime of defamation which are commited in the presence and in the absence of the victim. Crime of defamation may be commited by any types of written, oral, pictorial or print media acts and statements which are suitable to insult the honorary unity of an individual in society. The mental element of this crime is designed as general intent. Any natural person and legal personality may be the victim of criminal offence, on the other hand only natural person who has penal responsibility may be the offender of this crime. The legislator sets some specific excuses for criminal offence such as immunity of claim and defense, right to impart ınformation through print media, criticise. In some situations such as defamation as a reaction to tort, an intension injury, mutual defamation and provacation, the the punishment shall be dimished or removed.
Description
Keywords
Ceza Hukuku, Hakaret, Hakaret Suçu, Şeref, Şerefe Karşı Suçlar, Criminal Law, Defamation, The Crime Of Defamation, Dignity, Crimes Against The Honour Of Persons
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Citation
Duygu, S. O. (2016). Türk ceza kanunu'nda hakaret suçu. Yayımlanmamış yüksek lisans tezi. Ankara. Çankaya Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü.
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162