Fundamental Change in Working Conditions and Legal Consequences
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Date
2024
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Open Access Color
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Abstract
İş sözleşmesiyle ani edimli borç ilişkilerinden farklı olarak tarafların karşılıklı edimlerini devamlı olarak ifa ettikleri sürekli bir borç ilişkisi kurulmuş olur. İş ilişkisinin sürekliliği nedeniyle sözleşme kurulduğu sırada mevcut olmayan ekonomik, toplumsal, teknolojik, işletmesel ya da işçiden kaynaklı yeni durumlar ortaya çıkması kaçınılmazdır. Ortaya çıkan bu yeni durumlar ise tarafların iş sözleşmesini akdederken üzerinde anlaştıkları çalışma koşullarında bir takım değişiklikler yapılması ihtiyacını doğurabilir. İşçinin korunmasını temel amaç edinen iş hukuku ise ortaya çıkan değişiklik ihtiyacına işletmelerin devamlılığını sağlamak amacıyla bir cevap vermeli ve bu kapsamda ahde vefa ilkesi ile değişiklik ihtiyacı arasında bir denge kurmak zorundadır. Bu dengeyi kurmak amacıyla 4857 sayılı İş Kanunu'nun 'Çalışma koşullarında değişiklik ve iş sözleşmesinin feshi' başlıklı 22. maddesinde mevzuatımıza yeni bir düzenleme getirilmiş ve iş ilişkisi devam ederken işveren tarafından çalışma koşullarında yapılmak istenen esaslı değişiklikler bir usule bağlanmış, değişikliğin işçi tarafından kabul edilmemesi halinde ise işverene belirli şartlar çerçevesinde iş sözleşmesini feshetme hakkı tanınmıştır. Çalışmamızın amacı, çalışma koşulu kavramı ve kanunda yer verilen esaslı değişiklik teriminden ne anlaşılması gerektiği hususlarını açıklamak, uygulamada çalışma koşullarında esaslı değişiklik oluşturan haller ile değişiklik yapma usul ve yöntemlerini inceleyerek yapılan esaslı değişikliğin iş ilişkisinde ortaya çıkardığı hukuki sonuçları doktrin görüşleri ve yargı içtihatlarıyla birlikte değerlendirmektir.
With an employment contract, unlike debt relationships with immediate performance, a continuous debt relationship is established in which the parties continuously perform their mutual obligations. Due to the continuity of the employment relationship, the emergence of new economic, social, technological, operational or employee-originated situations that did not exist at the time of contract establishment is inevitable. These new situations that arise may lead to a need to make certain changes at the working conditions that the parties initially agreed upon when concluding the employment contract. Labor law, which has the primary goal of protecting the employee, must respond to the emerging need for change in order to ensure the continuity of the enterprises and within this scope, it must establish a balance between the principle of pactasuntservanda and the need for change. In order to establish this balance, a new regulation has been introduced to our legislation in Article 22 of the Labor Law No. 4857 titled 'Changes in working conditions and termination of the employment contract' and the fundamental changes that the employer wants to make in the working conditions during the continuance of the employment relationship have been bound to a procedure, and should the employee choses not to accept the change, the employer has been granted the right to terminate the employment contract within certain conditions. The purpose of our study is to explain the concept of working conditions and what should be understood from the term 'fundamental change' in the law, to examine the situations that constitute fundamental changes in working conditions in practice and the procedures and methods of making changes, and to evaluate the legal consequences of fundamental changes in the employment relationship together with doctrinal opinions and judicial precedents.
With an employment contract, unlike debt relationships with immediate performance, a continuous debt relationship is established in which the parties continuously perform their mutual obligations. Due to the continuity of the employment relationship, the emergence of new economic, social, technological, operational or employee-originated situations that did not exist at the time of contract establishment is inevitable. These new situations that arise may lead to a need to make certain changes at the working conditions that the parties initially agreed upon when concluding the employment contract. Labor law, which has the primary goal of protecting the employee, must respond to the emerging need for change in order to ensure the continuity of the enterprises and within this scope, it must establish a balance between the principle of pactasuntservanda and the need for change. In order to establish this balance, a new regulation has been introduced to our legislation in Article 22 of the Labor Law No. 4857 titled 'Changes in working conditions and termination of the employment contract' and the fundamental changes that the employer wants to make in the working conditions during the continuance of the employment relationship have been bound to a procedure, and should the employee choses not to accept the change, the employer has been granted the right to terminate the employment contract within certain conditions. The purpose of our study is to explain the concept of working conditions and what should be understood from the term 'fundamental change' in the law, to examine the situations that constitute fundamental changes in working conditions in practice and the procedures and methods of making changes, and to evaluate the legal consequences of fundamental changes in the employment relationship together with doctrinal opinions and judicial precedents.
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Hukuk, Türk İş Hukuku, Law, Turkish Labor Law
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255