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İngiliz Dili ve Edebiyatı Bölümü Tezleri

Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12416/132

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Browsing İngiliz Dili ve Edebiyatı Bölümü Tezleri by Author "Atar, Özge"

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    Master Thesis
    Henry James retrospective conception of evolution in the Turn of the Screw and Beast in the Jungle in respect to Nietzsche and Darwin
    (2003) Atar, Özge
    Henry James, as an author, was not in isolation from his cultural, intellectual and philosophical impacts dominant in his times. Therefore, he was affected from the philosophical approaches of his contemporaries, Nietzsche and Darwin. With respect to this, James' understanding of evolution and history was shaped by Nietzsche's conception of 'Superman' and 'History' as well as Darwin's 'Theory of Evolution'. Man has the capacity to reach to self-fulfillment in life and form the base for the Superman by improving himself, enhancing his life, questioning history and learning from past mistakes. In addition, man is in a continuous struggle for existence and a better life. As a social human being, he enriches his standards of living through adaptation to the environment. According to the approaches of Nietzsche and Darwin, the evolutionary process occurs in historical time from the past to the present and future. Henry James, in his fiction, reflects how his characters experienced life and reached at accomplishment through self-development and self-realization and how they managed to use their past lives to enhance their present living. What makes James as IV outstanding as Nietzsche and Darwin is his suggestion of anti-thesis, that is, the reversed form of evolution. The evolutionary process takes place in historical time from the present to the past and to the sub-conscious mind as if a journey to the past in retrospection and the origin of one's life. Only then is it possible for man to continue his evolution to the future, in a linear historical process of becoming. i