Makine Mühendisliği Bölümü
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Article Citation - WoS: 30Citation - Scopus: 34Performance and Surface Alloying Characteristics of Cu-Cr and Cu-Mo Powder Metal Tool Electrodes in Electrical Discharge Machining(Taylor & Francis inc, 2016) Uslan, Ibrahim; Usta, Yusuf; Cogun, Can; Gulcan, OrhanThe main objective of this study is to investigate the effect of Cu-Cr and Cu-Mo powder metal (PM) tool electrodes on electrical discharge machining (EDM) performance outputs. The EDM performance measures used in the study are material removal rate (MRR), tool electrode wear rate (EWR), average workpiece surface roughness (R-a), machined workpiece surface hardness, abrasive wear resistance, corrosion resistance, and workpiece alloyed layer depth and composition. The EDM performance of Cu-Cr and Cu-Mo PM electrodes produced at three different mixing ratios (15, 25, and 35wt% Cr or Mo), compacting pressures (P-c = 600, 700, and 800MPa), and sintering temperatures (T-s = 800, 850, and 900 degrees C) are compared with those machined with electrolytic Cu and Cu PM electrodes when machining SAE 1040 steel workpiece. Analyses revealed that tool materials were deposited as a layer over the work surface yielding high surface hardness, strong abrasion, and corrosion resistance. Moreover, the mixing ratio, P-c, and T-s affect the MRR, EWR, and R-a values.Article Citation - Scopus: 2Effects of Earthquake Motion on Mechanism Operation: an Experimental Approach(Levrotto and Bella, 2015) Selvi, Ö.; Selvi, Özgün; Ceccarelli, M.; Aytar, E.B.; Makine MühendisliğiThis paper presents an experimental characterization of the effects of earthquakes on the operation of mechanical systems with the help of CaPaMan (Cassino Parallel Manipulator), which is a 3 DOF robot that can fairly well simulate 3D earthquake motion. The sensitivity of operation characteristics of machinery to earthquake disturbance is identified and characterized through experimental tests. Experimental tests have been carried out by using a slider-crank linkage, a small car model, and LARM Hand as test-bed mechanisms that have been sensored with proper acceleration or force sensors. Results are reported and discussed to describe the effects of earthquake motion on the characteristics of mechanism operation as a service application of the robotic CaPaMan system.Article Citation - WoS: 4Citation - Scopus: 7Enhanced Gradient Crystal-Plasticity Study of Size Effects in a Β-Titanium Alloy(Iop Publishing Ltd, 2017) Nowag, Kai; Roy, Anish; Ghisleni, Rudy; Michler, Johann; Silberschmidt, Vadim V.; Demiral, MuratA calibrated model of enhanced strain-gradient crystal plasticity is proposed, which is shown to characterize adequate deformation behaviour of bcc single crystals of a beta-Ti alloy (Ti-15-3-3-3). In this model, in addition to strain gradients evolving in the course of deformation, incipient strain gradients, related to a component's surface-to-volume ratio, is accounted for. Predictive capabilities of the model in characterizing a size effect in an initial yield and a work-hardening rate in small-scale components is demonstrated. The characteristic length-scale, i.e. the component's dimensions below which the size effect is observed, was found to depend on densities of polar and statistical dislocations and interaction between them.Article Citation - WoS: 7Citation - Scopus: 7Development and Experimental Investigation of Electrochemical Drilling Method Using Rotary Tube Tool(Gazi Univ, Fac Engineering Architecture, 2013) Ozerkan, H. Bekir; Çoğun, Can; Cogun, Can; Mekatronik MühendisliğiIn this study, a new hybrid electrochemical drilling (ECD) method, based on electrochemical machining in nonconventional machining processes, was developed. In the developed method, tube tool makes rotary motion together with inner through hole flushing. A small scale prototype ECD machine has been designed and manufactured to test the developed method. One of the important features of the new system is the regulation of tool feed rate using current feedback control. The Hadfield (manganese) steel, whose strain hardening behavior makes it very difficult to machine with conventional methods, and AISI 1040 steel, whose machinability is fairly good, were drilled using the prototype machine and results were compared. Workpiece material removal rate increased with the increasing machining voltage, tool rotational speed, electrolyte concentration and flushing pressure in both types of steels. Average radial overcut values increased with the rotational speed of the tool. The AISI 1040 steel hole geometries were regular than that of Hadfield steel. Experimental results showed that deep holes can be drilled successfully with the proposed hybrid ECD method.Article Citation - WoS: 3Citation - Scopus: 5Optimization of Vortex Promoter Parameters To Enhance Heat Transfer Rate in Electronic Equipment(Asme, 2020) Ayli, Ece; Bayer, OzgurIn this paper, optimization of the location and the geometry of a vortex promoter located above in a finned surface in a channel with eight heat sources is investigated for a Reynolds number of 12,500 < Re < 27,700. Heat transfer rates and the corresponding Nusselt number distributions are studied both experimentally and numerically using different vortex promoter geometries (square, circular, and triangular) in different locations to illustrate the effect of vortex promoter on the fluid flow. Optimization study considered a range of following parameters: blockage ratio of 0.30<(y/C) < 0.45 and interpromoter distance ratio of 0.2277 <(x/L) < 0.3416. Results show that fins over which rectangular and circular promoters are integrated perform better in enhancing the heat transfer. According to the numerical and experimental results, higher blockage ratios cause significantly higher heat transfer coefficients. According to the observations, as the interpromoter distances increase, shedding gains strength, and more turbulence is created. All vortex promoters enhance heat transfer resulting in lower temperature values on the finned surface for different (y/C) and (x/L) values and Reynolds numbers. The use of promoters enhances the heat transfer, and the decrease in the maximum temperature values is recorded on the finned surface changing between 15% and 27%. The biggest decrease in maximum surface temperature value is 500 K-364 K and observed in circular promoter case with (y/C) = 0.43, (x/L) = 0.3416, and Reynolds numbers of 22,200.Article Citation - WoS: 5Citation - Scopus: 6Prediction of the Heat Transfer Performance of Twisted Tape Inserts by Using Artificial Neural Networks(Korean Soc Mechanical Engineers, 2022) Kocak, Eyup; Ayli, EceA numerical study is undertaken to investigate the effect of twisted tape inserts on heat transfer. Twisted tapes with various aspect ratios and single, double, and triple inserts are placed inside a tube for Reynolds numbers ranging from 8000 to 12000. Numerical results show that the tube with a twisted tape and different numbers of tape is more effective than the smooth tube in terms of thermo-hydraulic performance. The highest heat transfer is achieved with the triple insert, with the highest turning number and an increment of 15 %. Then, an artificial neural network (ANN) model with a three-layer feedforward neural network is adopted to obtain the Nusselt number on the basis of four inputs for a heated tube with a twisted insert. Several configurations of the neural network are examined to optimize the number of neurons and to identify the most appropriate training algorithm. Finally, the best model is determined with one hidden layer and thirteen neurons in the layer. Bayesian regulation is chosen as the training algorithm. With the optimized algorithm, excellent precision for measuring the output is provided, with R2 = 0.97043. In addition, the optimized ANN architecture is applied to similar studies in the literature to predict the heat transfer performance of twisted tapes. The developed ANN architecture can predict the heat transfer enhancement performance of similar problems with R2 values higher than 0.93.Article Citation - WoS: 14Citation - Scopus: 17A Comparative Study of Multiple Regression and Machine Learning Techniques for Prediction of Nanofluid Heat Transfer(Asme, 2022) Ayli, Ece; Turkoglu, Hasmet; Kocak, EyupThe aim of this article is to introduce and discuss prediction power of the multiple regression technique, artificial neural network (ANN), and adaptive neuro-fuzzy interface system (ANFIS) methods for predicting the forced convection heat transfer characteristics of a turbulent nanofluid flow in a pipe. Water and Al2O3 mixture is used as the nanofluid. Utilizing fluent software, numerical computations were performed with volume fraction ranging between 0.3% and 5%, particle diameter ranging between 20 and 140 nm, and Reynolds number ranging between 7000 and 21,000. Based on the computationally obtained results, a correlation is developed for the Nusselt number using the multiple regression method. Also, based on the computational fluid dynamics results, different ANN architectures with different number of neurons in the hidden layers and several training algorithms (Levenberg-Marquardt, Bayesian regularization, scaled conjugate gradient) are tested to find the best ANN architecture. In addition, ANFIS is also used to predict the Nusselt number. In the ANFIS, number of clusters, exponential factor, and membership function (MF) type are optimized. The results obtained from multiple regression correlation, ANN, and ANFIS were compared. According to the obtained results, ANFIS is a powerful tool with a R-2 of 0.9987 for predictions.Article Citation - WoS: 3Citation - Scopus: 2Energy Recovery Using Pumps as Turbines in Water Supply Systems: a Case Study(Emerald Group Publishing Ltd, 2022) Kocak, Eyup; Karaaslan, Salih; Andrade-Campos, A. Gil; Yucel, NuriAn investigation was undertaken into energy recovery from water supply systems (WSSs) using pumps that can work in reverse as turbines. Napoli Est network in Italy was selected as a case study. To find the optimal locations for the installation of reversible pumps in the network, a methodology was developed and implemented using computer programming and hydraulic simulation software. A technical feasibility analysis was conducted to create different scenarios for implementation and a suitable pump was designed using computational fluid dynamics. Pump mode and reverse mode operation were simulated numerically and the performance was improved. Financial analysis showed that energy production in WSSs using pumps as turbines is a profitable alternative to traditional turbines and a renewable solution for the world's growing energy needs.Article Citation - Scopus: 5Micro-Wedm of Ni55.8ti Shape Memory Superalloy: Experimental Investigation and Optimisation(Inderscience Publishers, 2021) Akar, S.; Seyedzavvar, M.; Kiliç, S.E.; Meshri, H.A.M.Nickel-titanium superalloy has gained significant acceptance for engineering applications as orthotropic implants, orthodontic devices, automatic actuators, etc. Considering the unique properties of these alloys, such as high hardness, toughness, strain hardening, and development of straininduced martensite, micro-wire electro-discharge machining (μ-WEDM) process has been accepted as one of the main options for cutting intricate shapes of these alloys in micro-scale. This paper presents the results of a comprehensive study to address the material removal rate (MRR) and surface integrity of Ni55.8Ti shape memory superalloy (SMA) in the μ-WEDM process. The effects of discharge current, pulse on-time, pulse off-time, and servo voltage on the performance of this process, including MRR, white layer thickness, surface roughness, and micro-hardness of the machined surface, were investigated by multi-regression analysis using response surface methodology (RSM). The optimisation of input parameters based on the gradient and the swarm optimisation algorithms were also conducted to maximise the MRR and minimise the white layer thickness, surface roughness, and micro-hardness of the machined samples. © 2021 Inderscience Enterprises Ltd.. All rights reserved.Article Citation - Scopus: 3Numerical Simulation and Experimental Investigation: Metal Spinning Process of Stepped Thin-Walled Cylindrical Workpiece(Murat Yakar, 2022) Seyedzavvar, M.; Akar, S.; Abbasi, H.Many equipment and devices utilized in the aerospace industry are formed as symmetric parts through high plastic deformation of high strength sheet metal alloys with low thickness. Considering the inherent advantages of the spinning process of simple tooling and concentrated deformation loading, this process can be considered as one of the main options in producing these thin-sectioned lightweight parts. In this study, a Finite Element (FE) model has been developed to simulate the formation of a stepped thin-walled cylindrical workpiece of AISI 316 stainless steel alloy by spinning process. The FE simulation results were employed to investigate the effects of process parameters, including feed rate of the roller and rotational velocity of the mandrel on the distribution of stress and strain in the sheet metal, wrinkling failure, and thinning of the sheet metal during deformation. Experiments were carried out using selective input parameters based on the results of FE simulations. The comparison between FE simulations and experiments revealed that the developed model could predict the thinning of the sheet metals with over 93 % accuracy. Additionally, a good agreement between the experimentally deformed sheet configurations with those resulting from finite element simulations has been observed. © Author(s) 2022.Article Citation - WoS: 1Citation - Scopus: 1Analyses of Plate Perforation for Various Penetrator-Target Plate Combinations(Korean Soc Mechanical Engineers, 2022) Akyurek, TurgutIn this study, kinetics and kinematics of perforation process for various penetrator-target plate combinations is analyzed, a methodology in a flow chart format to decide on failure mode, and for each failure mode, an appropriate combined analytical model that requires only common test data is proposed. The proposed methodology and analytical models that are recommended for the related failure mode are assessed by using a huge amount of test data from the literature. The penetrator-target plate configurations cover the penetrators with ogive, conical, hemi-spherical and blunt noses, at different plate thicknesses, and plate thickness to penetrator diameter ratios, made of different metallic materials. Analyzed failure modes include ductile hole enlargement, plugging, dishing, and petal forming. Assessment is done for impact velocities ranging between 215-863 m/s. The estimations based on the proposed flow chart and recommended failure models are in good agreement with the related test data and numerical analysis results.Article Kinematic Analyses of Metallic Plate Perforation by Penetrators With Various Nose Geometries(defence Scientific information Documentation Centre, 2022) Akyurek, T.This study analyses kinematics of a metallic plate perforation by a penetrator with truncated ogive nose geometry to find solutions also to blunt, conical, ogive, and hemi-spherical nosed penetrators. Plugging, ductile hole enlargement, dishing, and petal forming failure modes are used in the analyses. Acceleration throughout perforation is calculated by using the related failure mode, analytical model, and the target-penetrator interaction geometry. Depending on the failure model; back lip and front lip formation during ductile hole enlargement, plug formation during plugging, and deflection of target plate during dishing is also analysed. Analyses are based on projectile???s equation of motion, momentum and energy equations, and projectile-target plate interactions. The analyses results for selected cases, with the impact velocity range 215-863 m/s, are compared with the test data. The residual velocity estimation for a strike velocity is close to the related test data with an error of 0.3-2.2 %, except for conical nosed penetrators at impact velocities approaching the ballistic limit velocity.Article Citation - WoS: 23Citation - Scopus: 33A New Algorithm for U-Shaped Two-Sided Assembly Line Balancing(Canadian Science Publishing, 2010) Agpak, Kursad; Yavuz, Mustafa; Yegul, Mustafa FatihThis study introduces a new hybrid design for a specific case-of assembly lines, and proposes a multi-pass random assignment algorithm to find the minimum number of stations required. The algorithm also finds the sequence and the schedule of the tasks assigned. The new design is a combination of two-sided lines and U-shaped lines, which benefits from the advantages of both designs at the same time. One side of the line is arranged in U-shape allowing stations with crossovers, and the other side of the line is balanced like a traditional straight flow. Depending on product direction, either Left or Right side of the line can be designed in U-shape. Small and large-sized two-sided assembly line test-bed problems were solved using the algorithm. Optimal results are achieved for all small-sized problems. Due to the novelty Of the design, results of large-sized problems are compared to findings of studies on simple two-sided balancing. Algorithm produced better results in most of the cases.Article EXPERIMENTAL AND NUMERICAL ANALYSIS OF FLOW OVER A PICKUP TRUCK(2021) İnce, İbrahim Timuçin; Mercan, Hatice; Onur, NevzatThe drag forces and the overall drag coefficient of a typical pickup truck are investigated experimentally and the 3D numerical analysis is performed. A detailed 1/4-scale model is constructed and experiments are performed at Reynolds numbers around 2 × 106in the Ankara Wind Tunnel (ART). The experimental study is divided into two stages: in the first stage the pressure distribution along the symmetry axis is measured and in the second stage the drag forces and overall drag coefficient are measured at five different wind speeds. The measured data are compared with the 3D numerical simulation performed in FLUENT. The turbulence standard, realizable, and RNG k-∈ models, the standard and SST k-ω models, and finally the RSM are compared for three near-wall treatments: standard wall function, nonequilibrium wall function, and enhanced wall function. The comparison revealed that for lower velocities the best turbulence model-wall treatment couple is the realizable k-∈ model with Reynolds stress model with standard wall function, whereas for higher velocities the standard k-∈ turbulence model is observed to be more compatible with experimental data. The highest pressure value is measured in front of the pickup truck and the lowest pressure value is evaluated at the rim where the windshield and the roof meet. © 2021 Begell House Inc.. All rights reserved.Article Citation - WoS: 11Citation - Scopus: 14Numerical Study on Effects of Computational Domain Length on Flow Field in Standing Wave Thermoacoustic Couple(Elsevier Sci Ltd, 2019) Turkoglu, Hasmet; Mergen, Suhan; Yildirim, EnderFor the analysis of thermoacoustic (TA) devices, computational methods are commonly used. In the computational studies found in the literature, the flow domain has been modelled differently by different researchers. A common approach in modelling the flow domain is to truncate the computational domain around the stack, instead of modelling the whole resonator to save computational time. However, where to truncate the domain is not clear. In this study, we have investigated how the simulation results are affected by the computational domain length (I-d) when the truncated domain approach is used. For this purpose, a standing wave TA couple which undergoes a refrigeration cycle was considered. The stack plate thickness was assumed to be zero and the simulations were performed for six different dimensionless domain length (I-d/lambda) varying between 0.029 and 0.180. Frequency and Mach number were taken as 100 Hz and 0.01, respectively, and kept constant for all the cases considered. The mean pressure and the pressure amplitude were taken as 10 kPa and 170 Pa, respectively (Drive ratio of 1.7%). Helium was considered as the working fluid. To assess the accuracy of the simulation results, the pressure distributions across the domain were compared with that of the standing wave. In addition to the pressure variation, the effects of the domain length on the phase delay of the pressure and velocity waves along the stack plate were also investigated. The results showed that with the increasing I-d/lambda. ratio, the simulated pressure distribution compares better with the standing wave pressure distribution. With the lowest I-d/lambda ratio (0.029) considered, the difference between the amplitudes of the computed pressure distribution and theoretical standing wave pressure distribution was approximately 50 Pa. However, as I-d/lambda value increases, the simulation results approach to the theoretical standing wave pressure distribution better. The computational results obtained with Id/lambda = 0.132 and 0.180, were almost identical with standing wave acoustic field. Hence, it was concluded that the domain length has a significant effect on the accuracy of the computational results when the truncated domain approach is used. It was also observed that for a given TA device and operating parameters, there is a minimum I-d/lambda value for obtaining reliable results.Article Citation - WoS: 8Citation - Scopus: 8Supervised Learning Method for Prediction of Heat Transfer Characteristics of Nanofluids(Korean Soc Mechanical Engineers, 2023) Kocak, Eyup; Ayli, EceThis study focuses on the alication and investigation of the predictive ability of artificial intelligence in the numerical modelling of nanofluid flows. Numerical and experimental methods are powerful tools from an accuracy point of view, but they are also time- and cost-consuming methods. Therefore, using soft-computing techniques can improve such CFD drawbacks by patterning the CFD data. After obtaining the aropriate ANN and ANFIS architecture using the CFD data, many new data can be created without requiring numerical and experimental methods. In the scope of this research, the FCM-ANFIS and ANN methods are used to predict the thermal behaviour of the turbulent flow in a heated pipe with several nanoparticles. A parametric CFD study is carried out for water-TiO2, water-CuO, and water-SiO2 nanofluid through a pipe. The Reynolds number is varied between 7000 and 15000, and the nanofluid concentration is varied between 0.25 % and 4 %. The effects of using nanofluid on local values of Nusselt number and shear stress distribution were investigated. Numerical results indicate that with the increasing nanoparticle volume fraction of nanofluid, the average Nusselt number increases, but the required pumping power also increases. The obtained soft computing results demonstrate that the FCM clustering ANFIS has given better results both in training and testing when it is compared to the ANN architecture with an R-2 of 0.9983. Regarding this, the FCM-ANFIS is an excellent candidate for calculating the Nusselt number in heat transfer problems.Article Citation - WoS: 12Citation - Scopus: 16Fast Fluorometric Enumeration of E. Coli Using Passive Chip(Elsevier, 2019) Cogun, Ferah; Yildirim, Ender; Boyaci, Ismail Haklu; Cetin, Demet; Ertas, Nusret; Kasap, Esin Nagihan; Dogan, UzeyirIn this report, a passive microfluidic chip design was developed for fast and sensitive fluorometric determination of Escherichia coli (E. coli) based on sandwich immunoassay. Initially, magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) and chitosan modified mercaptopropionic acid capped cadmium telluride (CdTe) quantum dots (QDs) were functionalized with E.coli specific antibody to form a sandwich immunoassay with the E. coli. The magnetic separation and preconcentration of the E.coli from the sample solution was performed in the vial. Conjugation of QDs to the magnetically captured E. coli and washing were performed using a passive type of microchip. The microfluidic chip consists of four microchambers connected to each other by microchannels which act as capillary valves. Signal measurement was performed at the last chamber by using a hand-held spectrofluorometer equipped with a fiber optic reflection probe. The selectivity of the method was tested with Enterobacter aerogenes (E. aerogenes) and Salmonella enteritidis (S. enteritidis), it was observed that these bacteria have no interference effect on E.coli determination. The calibration curve was found to be linear in the range of 10(1)-10(5) cfu/mL with a correlation coefficient higher than 0.99. The limit of detection was calculated as 5 cfu/mL. The method was successfully applied to spiked tap and lake water samples. The results suggest that the developed method is applicable for on-site E. coli detection and offers several advantages such as large dynamic range, high sensitivity, high selectivity and short analysis time.Article Citation - WoS: 3Citation - Scopus: 4Performance Optimization of Finned Surfaces Based on the Experimental and Numerical Study(Asme, 2023) Ayli, Ece; Kocak, Eyup; Turkoglu, HasmetThis paper presents the findings of numerical and experimental investigations into the forced convection heat transfer from horizontal surfaces with straight rectangular fins at Reynolds numbers ranging from 23,600 to 150,000. A test setup was constructed to measure the heat transfer rate from a horizontal surface with a constant number of fins, fin width, and fin length under different flow conditions. Two-dimensional numerical analyses were performed to observe the heat transfer and flow behavior using a computer program developed based on the openfoam platform. The code developed was verified by comparing the numerical results with the experimental results. The effect of geometrical parameters on heat transfer coefficient and Nusselt number was investigated for different fin height and width ratios. Results showed that heat transfer can be increased by modifying the fin structure geometrical parameters. A correlation for Nusselt number was developed and presented for steady-state, turbulent flows over rectangular fin arrays, taking into account varying Prandtl number of fluids such as water liquid, water vapor, CO2, CH4, and air. The correlation developed predicts the Nusselt number with a relative root mean square error of 0.36%. This research provides valuable insights into the effects of varying Prandtl numbers on the efficiency of forced convection cooling and will help in the design and operation of cooling systems. This study is novel in its approach as it takes into account the effect of varying Prandtl numbers on the heat transfer coefficient and Nusselt number and provides a correlation for the same. It will serve as a valuable reference for engineers and designers while designing and operating cooling systems.Article Citation - WoS: 1Citation - Scopus: 2Dynamic Analysis and Design Optimisation of a Heavy Military Vehicle(inderscience Enterprises Ltd, 2021) Acar, Bulent; Ider, S. Kemal; Cicek, Burak CanThis paper investigates the dynamic response of a heavy military vehicle which is subjected to a dynamic firing load while it is settled on its outriggers. Dynamic behaviour of a settled heavy military vehicle under a dynamic firing load is one of the major design factors of a launching vehicle. Two different finite element (FE) models are created in ANSYS software to obtain the dynamic behaviour of the launching vehicle. The first model is a detailed finite element model (DFEM) and the second model is a simple and less degree of freedom (DOF) parametric FE model which is created with the ANSYS Parametric Design Language (APDL) in order to perform the design optimisation by swiftly varying the parameters such as clamp attachment positions on the chassis, outrigger deployment and outrigger case cross section.Article Citation - WoS: 36Citation - Scopus: 42Improvement of Electric Discharge Machining (Edm) Performance of Ti-6al Alloy With Added Graphite Powder To Dielectric(Assoc Mechanical Engineers Technicians Slovenia, 2015) Cogun, Can; Unses, EmreTi-6Al-4V is a well-known Ti alloy widely used in the aerospace industry and belongs to the group of difficult-to-machine materials. It is less suitable for both conventional chip removal (machining) techniques and electric discharge machining (EDM). The very low material removal rate (MRR) of the Ti alloys during the EDM process causes prohibitively long machining durations. The goal of this study was to improve the EDM performance of the Ti-6Al-4V alloy by the addition of graphite powder into the kerosene dielectric liquid. The EDM performance was quantified by MRR, tool electrode wear rate (EWR), relative wear (RW), surface roughness and texture properties. The experiments conducted have shown that the use of graphite powder mixed with the kerosene dielectric (GPMKD) during machining considerably increases the MRR, improves the R-a and R-z(DIN) surface roughness and decreases the RW. 3D topographic views of the machined workpiece surfaces attained with GPMKD revealed uniformly distributed surface valleys and peaks over the surface and peaks with short arid round tops since the discharge energy of a spark is distributed over a large area at the machining gap. The experimental results strongly indicate the adaptability of the proposed technique to EDM die sinking and EDM drilling applications of the Ti-6Al-4V alloy in the aerospace industry. The ED machining performance of Ti-6Al-4V alloy using GPMKD is also compared to that of AISI 1040 steel, which is commonly used in EDM applications.

